光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响

以赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)为实验对象,在光照强度分别为3 000 lx和12 000 lx下,设置24 L∶0 D、18 L∶6 D、12 L∶12 D、6 L∶18 D和0 L∶24 D 5组不同的光照周期,测定赤潮异弯藻的生长情况。结果表明,当光照强度为3 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续9～14 d的生长,然后生长进入衰退期。当光照强度为12 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续16～20 d的生长,之后生长进入衰退期。并且,无论是光照强度为3 000 lx还是12 000 lx,当光照周期为18 L∶6 D时,都最有利于赤潮异弯藻的生长;而当光照周期为0 L∶24 D时,赤潮异弯藻几乎不生长。     

ESS试验温度循环次数确定方法研究

介绍了环境应力筛选温度循环试验数学模型,通过雷达单元实际筛选数据统计建模计算,在相同的温度范围、温变速率条件下,进行筛选度和循环次数的理论与实际数据对比分析,得出了确定雷达组成电子单元温度循环试验循环次数的方法和修正系数。     

电路板的高加速应力筛选仿真设计技术研究

针对某型电路板高加速应力筛选剖面设计中耗费大量人力物力的实际情况,结合目前计算机辅助及仿真技术所具有的成本低、周期短、精度高等特点,将高加速应力筛选及计算机仿真技术融合,提出了运用计算机仿真手段来研究产品的高加速应力筛选剖面的方法及基本思路。对剩余有效寿命的预计、缺陷影响以及应力影响等方面进行了研究分析。从而在高加速应力筛选剖面设计信息量的扩充、成本的节省、周期的缩短等方面起到了一定的促进作用。     

藻量对湖泊富营养化监测指标的影响探讨

对滇池外海藻量较为集中的区域,用塑料薄膜围一封闭的水体,避免水量交换。在水面下分3层（0.5m、1.0m、1.5m）进行不同采样点和不同水深的水质监测,得出藻类在水中的纵向分布规律。通过进行滤除藻前、后水样的分析,发现藻类的存在会导致水样监测结果偏高。在此基础上对富营养化水体监测应注意的问题进行了分析与讨论。     

优势硅藻和定鞭金藻不同生长阶段光合色素比值变化

基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术分析了8种定鞭金藻、2种硅藻在对数生长期的光合色素组成,比较了中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、路氏巴夫藻(Pavlova lutheri)和湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)在不同生长阶段主要光合色素组成和比值的变化。实验结果表明:8种定鞭金藻根据光合色素19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的存在与否可分为两类,其中不含19’-已酰基氧化岩藻黄素的定鞭金藻与硅藻光合色素组成相似。通过对比不同生长阶段的样品发现稳定期硅藻(中肋骨条藻)中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值显著高于它们在定鞭金藻(路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻)中与叶绿素a的比值(P<0.05),并且随培养时间延长而增大,而路氏巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻中叶绿素c1+c2,岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素与总叶绿素a比值则一直维持在较低水平。该结果可以作为基于CHEMTAX软件的化学分类法的依据,以提高定量分析硅藻和定鞭金藻的准确性。     

营养盐水平对念珠藻胞外有机物产生的影响

以我国湖泊典型固氮蓝藻发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelliforme)为研究对象,考察了氮、磷营养盐对发状念珠藻生长特性及其胞外有机物产生的影响.采用藻细胞浓度计数法表征发状念珠藻生长特性;分别采用溶解性有机碳(DOC)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)和紫外-可见光谱法,从总量和主要物质方面分析了发状念珠藻胞外有机物的产生规律.结果表明,在不同氮、磷营养水平下,发状念珠藻的4个关键生长时期基本相同,氮是控制发状念珠藻生长的关键营养控制要素;氮营养元素浓度的增高,有利于发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物,其产生量逐渐增大,而磷营养元素浓度的增高对胞外有机物产生量贡献较小,氮营养盐是发状念珠藻产生胞外有机物的关键限制因子;通过EEM谱图分析,发状念珠藻胞外有机物主要以类氨基酸类物质和类富里酸物质为主.以磷为控制营养盐时,类富里酸是主要的胞外有机物之一,以氮为控制营养盐时,类富里酸产生量极低;作为主要的胞外有机物,蛋白质和碳水化合物的产生规律显著不同,其中蛋白质含量显著高于碳水化合物含量.     

好氧微生物在硝基苯污染河水原位修复中的应用

在好氧条件下,从长期受硝基苯污染的化工厂排污口底泥和河道底质中分离得到3株对硝基苯有明显降解作用的优势微生物.为了比较这些优势菌的降解效果,作了硝基苯初始质量浓度分别为50 mg/L、25 mg/L、12.5 mg/L、6.25 mg/L、3.13 mg/L等不同梯度下的模拟修复实验,并且检验了单一菌与混合菌的降解能力.实验结果表明:当硝基苯初始质量浓度为50 mg/L时,优势菌作用不明显,硝基苯的去除主要依靠自然挥发作用;当硝基苯初始质量浓度为3.13 mg/L时,混合菌对硝基苯的降解能力较强,72 h的去除率达到99%,而此时空白对照(CK)的去除率仅为60%.分析实验结果得到,混合菌可能存在协同作用;由于产物中未检出NO2-,所以硝基苯降解途径中可能存在部分还原历程.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.