Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay

The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the wodd; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference （P 〈 0.01） was observed when compared with the solvent control, The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100x; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks （at town level） was the most serious, the arbitrary units （AU） was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks （at city level） was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town＇s water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources.     

宾馆酒家含家禽家畜血液污水调查

随着人们生活水平的提高,小型家禽家畜(鸡、鸭、兔最常见)的血液极少回收利用,大都随冲洗水直接外排,严重污染了水体。为了解宾馆酒家排放的含家禽家畜血液的污水对水体的污染状况,龙岩市环境监测站于2000年对龙岩城区15家大型宾馆酒家排放的污水进行了监测。1　家禽家畜血液分析1.1　主要成分鸡、鸭、兔血液中主要成分见表1。表1　鸡、鸭、兔血液中主要成分[1,2]名称凝血时间ｔ/ｍｉｎ血红蛋白值ρ/(ｇ·Ｌ-1)红细胞数Ｎ/106ｍｍ-3　　　白细胞数　　Ｎ/103ｍｍ-3鸡4.51273 430 0鸭—　　　1422.8　　　　—兔4.01175.88 01.2　血液监…     

中国青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的关系

为制定中国青年女性血沉参考值的统一标准提供科学依据,本文收集了中国各地用温氏法测定的健康青年女性血沉参考值,并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究,发现海拔高度是影响青年女性血沉参考值最主要的因素,随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,青年女性血沉参考值在逐渐的减小,相关性很显著。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程。如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的青年女性血沉参考值。依据青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区,西南区,西北区,东南区,华北区,东北区等六个区     

金鱼(Carassius auratus L.)对水中游离态铅的吸收积累及鳃分泌粘液的自身保护作用

研究了金鱼（ Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓａｕｒａｔｕｓ Ｌ．） 在铅暴露实验中的铅吸收过程及鱼鳃分泌物的自身保护作用、水相Ｐｂ２＋ 的鳃吸收机理以及分泌粘液对铅的络合作用．结果表明，金鱼因铅暴露导致粘液分泌量增加．结合到鳃上的铅与水相Ｐｂ２＋ 活度关系可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ 吸附等温式表述．据此估算的最大结合量为０－９４２４ ｍ ｍｏｌ／ｋｇ（干重） ．非常接近１ 的Ｈｉｌｌ 常数（１－０１２）说明金鱼鳃上仅有一种类型的Ｐｂ２＋ 结合位点．平均每尾金鱼鳃上Ｐｂ２＋ 的结合位点数达１－６２ ×１０－ ５ ｍ ｍｏｌ，结合的条件稳定常数（ｌｏｇ ＫＰｂ鳃） 为４－８ ．血液铅含量与鳃铅含量间呈显著线性关系．金鱼吸收Ｐｂ２＋ 的主要过程为：Ｐｂ２＋ 结合到鳃上，其后被动扩散或载体转运穿过鳃上皮，进入血液循环．     

金鱼(Carassius auratus L.)对水中游离态铅的吸收积累及鳃分泌粘液的自身保护作用

研究了金鱼在铅暴露实验中的铅吸收过程及鱼鳃分泌物的自身保护作用，水相Ｐｂ＾２＋的鳃吸收机理以及分泌粘液对铅的络作用。结果表明，金鱼因铅暴露导致粘液分泌量增加。结合到鳃上的铅与水相Ｐｂ＾２＋活度关系可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式表述。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in blood from children (age 9–12) in Taizhou, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants have attracted much attention in recent years. Exposure to PBDEs could induce a high health risk for children. The aim of this study was to investigate the PBDEs exposure of children (9–12 years) from Taizhou, China. Fifty-eight blood samples were collected in one school in a mountainous area in Taizhou. The concentrations of Σ9PBDEs (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, -197 and -209) ranged from 2.66 to 33.9 ng/g lipid wet (lw) with a median of 7.22 ng/g lw. These concentrations were lower than those of children in USA, but close to European and Asian general population levels. The results showed that children in Taizhou countryside were at a low level of PBDEs exposure. The predominant congener was BDE-209, followed by BDE-28, -47, -197 and -153. High abundance of BDE-209 was consistent with the pollution background of PBDEs in China characterized by high brominated congeners as main pollutants.     

十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)孕哺期及出生后暴露对子代小鼠血液系统影响初探

本研究旨在探讨BDE 209长期暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠血液系统的影响。将75只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组(1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)和高剂量组(225 mg·kg-1·d-1)。BDE 209暴露10 d后,将雌鼠与雄鼠合笼。选取怀孕时间相近(相差不过2 d)的10只孕鼠持续染毒直至自然分娩。出生后子鼠在哺乳期通过母乳染毒,断乳后则按照与母鼠相同的方式进行染毒,并在不同时间点进行外周血常规、外周血形态学、骨髓细胞形态学、骨髓细胞染色体组型和数目分析。血常规结果显示,低、高剂量BDE 209暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠的白细胞计数没有影响,即白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及单核细胞的数量均无显著变化(P0.05);红细胞系统检查显示一定性别差异,即低剂量和高剂量BDE 209染毒的雄性小鼠在PND30出现红细胞(RBC)(P0.05)、血红蛋白(Hb)(P0.05或P0.01)及红细胞压积(P0.05或P0.01)的显著降低;而雌性小鼠只在PND 30出现红细胞压积的降低(P0.05);在PND 30,高剂量暴露组的雌性及雄性小鼠,低剂量暴露组的雌性小鼠均出现血小板计数的显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);而PND 60、PND 90的实验组血小板均未观察到显著改变(P0.05)。外周血形态学检查表明,低剂量组在PND 30、PND 60,及高剂量组在PND 90检测到典型异常结果多表现为白细胞数的增多。而低剂量组在PND 90检测到的典型异常结果多表现为异型深染淋巴细胞(P0.05)。骨髓形态学检测表明,低剂量组子代雄性及雌性小鼠在PND 60、PND 90骨髓涂片可检测到骨髓细胞的异常结果,表现为骨髓增生活跃,高剂量组雄性小鼠在PND 90观察到3例异常涂片,表现为骨髓增生异常(P0.05)。研究结果表明,BDE 209长期暴露可能导致出生子代外周血和骨髓的毒性,提示具有血液系统发育毒性。     

二氯化汞对人外周血淋巴细胞的遗传毒性及硒的防护作用

环境中的汞对人体健康有潜在危害性。它可与DNA中的不同组分相互作用,引起DNA链断裂和诱发染色体畸变。近来研究表明,硒对汞的毒作用具有防护效应,这对于估价汞的健康损害作用似是一个重要的修饰因子。但是,有关硒对汞化合物引起的DNA     

外国医生为何不给李冰冰用抗生素

正最近,演员李冰冰在澳洲重病回国治疗一事引人关注。据她自述,她在澳洲生病后,"当地医生比较保守,不敢用抗生素,所以我高烧不退,持续了一星期,最高烧到41度!"而她一回到国内,医生一用药,很快她就退了烧。显然,中国医生一定是给她用了大剂量抗生素。那么,为什么外国医生不给李冰冰用抗生素呢?国外买抗生素比买枪都难英国政府最近出台的《全国紧急事务风险清单》显示,如果耐抗生素造成的血液感染大爆发,可能会造成8万人死亡,更有20万人受影响,其中五分之