不是所有“工伤”都享工伤待遇

<正>工伤是指劳动者从事职业活动或与职业有关的活动时,遭受不良因素的伤害和职业病伤害。工伤赔偿是为了保护劳动者的利益。那么,是不是在工作过程中发生的伤害都能得到工伤赔偿呢?近日,新疆乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区人民法院行政庭庭长姚国文说,并非所有工作中的伤害都可享受工伤待遇。受伤后1年内申请工伤梁成是乌市某公司职工,2013年3月,他在工地上干活时被吊车挤压,致全身多处受伤,左腿截肢。2014年     

Agroecosystem functional assessment and its difficulties

Agroecosystem functional assessment indicators provide a necessary bridge between decision-makers and scientists. The development of acceptable indicators, however, remains a difficult task because the current knowledge and understanding of ecosystems is not sufficient to allow an objective assessment of all ecosystem functions. These difficulties were summarized from three perspectives. First, there are difficulties in individual function assessment. Of the four functions associated with agroecosystems-energy flow, materials cycling,information flow and value flow-data on material cycling and information flow remain difficult to obtain and the indicators relatively immature. Secondly, there are difficulties of integration. During the assessment process, the integration of the agroecosystem functions remains the biggest obstacle. Until now, there has been no practical or effective methodology established to resolve the problem. At present, the makeshift approach has been to weight the various indicators and then add them together. Thirdly, there is the problem of obscure concepts and concept confusion. When assessments of agroecosystems are conducted, concepts such as structure, function, benefit,and resource utilization are used extensively. To date, no logical relationship (either real or implied) has been developed between any of these concepts. Are they causes and results such that the relationship between them is linear, or are they independent from one another such that the relationship is parallel? Thus far, the essence of this question is yet to be explored.     

Diversity surveys of soil bacterial community by cultivation--based methods and molecular fingerprinting techniques

By combining the cultivation methods with molecular fingerprinting techniques, the diversity surveys of soil bacterial community in 13 areas of China were carded out. The cultivable heterotrophic diversity was investigated by colony morphology on solid LB medium. Genetic diversity was measured as bands on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) by the extraction and purification of the total soil DNA, and amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The Shannon-Wiener indices of diversity(H), richness(S) and evenness(EH) were employed to estimate the diversity of soil bacterial community. The results showed that there was an obvious diversification existed in soil from the different areas. However, the genetic diverslty estimated by PCR-DGGE can provide more comprehensive information on bacterial community than the cultivation-based methods. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the traditional methods with genetic fingerprinting techniques to survey and estimate soil bacterial diversity.     

最高法:事故调查报告批复可诉性的判断依据

近期,裁判文书网发布最高人民法院行政裁定书(2018)最高法行申2613号——陈素霞再审审查与审判监督行政裁定书。这是最高人民法院发布的事故调查报告批复可诉性的可参考案例。2015年4月6日的漳州"4·6"爆炸着火重大事故,系腾龙芳烃(漳州)有限公司的二甲苯装置爆炸燃烧。事故共造成6人受伤,直接经济损失9457万元。     

商榷：经办机构有权要求企业在参加工伤保险时一并办理其他保险

本刊在去年第10期《单位申报工伤保险社保机构能否要求同时办理其他社会保险》一文中,认为被告经办机构拒绝为原告用人单位办理工伤保险的行政行为应属违法,笔者持有不同意见,在这里与作者商榷。     

基于生态足迹的可持续发展测度改进模型

利用生态足迹分析法对天津市1987-2006年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行时间序列的测度以及可持续发展的定量测算.针对现有模型计算复杂,数据需求量大等不足,通过降维对基于生态足迹法的可持续发展测度模型进行改进,通过数学手段去除次要因素,提炼和突出生态赤字或盈余的主要影响因素,简化模型,以解决可持续发展测度过程中收集数据的困难.运用1987-1996年天津市生态足迹的测算结果建立改进的模型,并应用1997-2006年的数据进行模型验证,所得结果理想.原模型计算过程复杂,涉及3组模型,10组元数据,有2组衍生数据;新模型较为简单,涉及1～2组元数据,无需衍生数据.     

生态风险与生态安全的评价方法及前景

各种生态环境问题的严重后果引起了人们对环境与生态的重视,并催生了生态风险与生态安全评价.为了更好地进行这两方面的评价,首先分别综述生态风险和生态安全评价的发展进程,突出主要研究方法的介绍,由此总结生态风险评价与生态安全评价的关系以及生态风险与生态安全评价的发展趋势.生态风险评价主要有健康危险度法、环评指数法、景观生态法、空间统计或地统计法、相对风险模型等方法;生态安全评价主要有综合指数法、景观生态法、生态承载力和生态足迹方法、突变级数等方法.生态风险与生态安全评价是从相反的角度研究生态系统的状况和潜在威胁,生态风险评价偏重细节分析,生态安全评价偏重整体分析.空间和时间尺度的扩大、评价方法的改进、评价标准的制定和评价的可信性检验都是生态风险评价与生态安全评价的发展趋势.     

离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑诱发金鱼血红细胞微核和核异常的研究

采用急性毒性试验方法,用不同浓度的离子液体--溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([C8mim]Br)浸泡4月龄金鱼( Carassius auratus ),急性染毒后测定金鱼外周血血红细胞微核率和核异常率,研究离子液体对金鱼的遗传毒性.通过预试验获得[C8mim]Br对金鱼的24 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)为295 mg/L,根据LC50设计6个试验组,包括2个对照组(阴性对照组和阳性对照组)和4个处理组,其中处理组离子液体的质量浓度分别为 14.8 mg/L、29.5 mg/L、59 mg/L和147.5 mg/L.每组5只金鱼,暴露试验共持续96 h,分别在12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h取样,测定血红细胞微核率和核异常率.结果表明,[C8mim]Br能诱发金鱼外周血血红细胞产生微核和核异常.[C8mim]Br对外周血血红细胞微核和核异常的诱导存在明显的剂量-效应关系,即一定浓度范围内微核率和核异常率随着离子液体处理浓度的增加而升高.此外,微核率和核异常率还随着处理时间的延长而逐渐升高,在处理48～72 h时达到最高峰;继续处理,96 h后微核率和核异常率降低.研究表明,离子液体[C8mim]Br对金鱼具有遗传毒性.     

污染生态学与环境生物学

介绍了污染生态学和环境生物学的发展及研究趋势,分析了污染生态学与环境生物学之间的关系及主要的研究内容,阐述了污染生态学与环境生物学在生态学领域中的地位及其主要的研究方向。