Effect of lead on survival, locomotion and sperm morphology of Asian earthworm, Pheretima guillelmi

To provide basic toxicity data for formulating risk characterization benchmarks, the effects of lead on survival, locomotion, and sperm morphology were investigated in the Asian earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. The LC50 of P. guillelmi for 7 and 14 d were 4285±339 mg/kg and 3207±248 mg/kg, which shows P. guillelmi can tolerate a higher concentration of lead nitrate. The average weight of the surviving earthworms decreased at concentration of 2800 mg Pb/kg soil, and the locomotor ability of earthworms exposed ...     

水资源管理体制国际经验概述

几乎所有的国家都在不同程度上面临着水资源的问题,但各国问题的表现形式和程度不同,解决途径也不同。在过去几十年里,各国都在努力寻求解决办法,如从传统的部门分割管理转向综合的水资源管理,制定新的法律和制度框架,更多采用市场手段等。本文主要简单介绍欧洲、美国、日本、以色列和新加坡在水资源管理机构、立法等方面的一些经验。     

Comprehensive characterization of indoor airborne bacterial profile

This is the first detailed characterization of the airborne bacterial profiles in indoor environments. Two restaurants were selected for this study. Fifteen genera of bacteria were isolated from each restaurant and identified by three different bacterial identification systems including MIDI, Biolog and Riboprinter®. The dominant bacteria of both restaurants were Gram-positive bacteria in which Micrococcus and Bacillus species were the most abundant. Most bacteria identified were representative species of skin and respiratory tract of human, and soil. Although the bacterial levels in these two restaurants were below the limit of the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objective (HKIAQO) Level 1 standard (i.e., < 500 cfu/m³), the majority of these bacteria were opportunistic pathogens. These results suggested that the identity of airborne bacteria should also be included in the IAQ to ensure there is a safety guideline for the public.     

论消防在城市应急救援体系中的地位和作用

北京是一个历史悠久的古城,同时也是一个充满活力的国际现代化都市.作为首都,北京在应对突发事件上的表现显得尤为重要和关键.在这个大都市里,应急救援工作已经超出了自身的范畴,应对的范围、速度、效率以及精确性成为消除政治影响、彰显城市形象的重要手段.而在这个过程中,消防部队往往成为主力军.……     

Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation potential in 13 source waters in China

The formation potential of four trihalomethanes (THMFP) and seven haloacetic acids (HAA7FP) in 13 source waters taken from four major water basin areas in China was evaluated using the simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination method. The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254: the ratio of UV254 to dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), which ranged between 0.9 and 5.0 L/(mg m), showed that the organic compounds in di erent source waters exhibited di erent reactivities with chlorine. The HAA7FP of source waters ranged from 20 to 448 g/L and the THMFP ranged from 29 to 259 g/L. The HAA7FP concentrations were higher than the THMFP concentrations in all but one of the samples. Therefore, the risks of haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be of concern in some source waters. TCM (chloroform) and BDCM (bromodichloromethane) were the major THM constituents, while TCAA (trichloroacetic acid) and DCAA (dichloroacetic acid) were the major HAA species. Br-THM (brominated THM species) were much higher than Br- HAA (brominated HAA species), and the formation of Br-DBP (Br-THM and Br-HAA) should be of concern when the bromide concentration is over 100 g/L.     

环境管理手段体系研究

社会经济的快速发展和环境保护的日趋重要,要求环境保护与社会经济协调发展。科学有效地应用环境管理手段,是促进协调发展的有效途径之一。为了促进环境管理手段作用的有效发挥,完善环境管理,在分析现有的5种环境管理手段的基础上,提出了环境管理参与手段和环境管理投资手段,并对这两个新的手段的必要性和内容做了分析。通过对环境管理手段关系的论述,构建了环境管理手段体系,对环境管理手段体系的目标、架构、作用和内容进行了分析论述,并研究了环境管理手段的选择与实施方法。     

外绝缘用液体硅橡胶老化现象的微观表征

本文针对近年来出现在一些变电站SF6电压、电流互感器的液体硅橡胶绝缘护套出现龟裂老化这一现象,对发生老化的硅橡胶材料进行了性能测试和试验,并利用红外光谱分析、XPS分析、热失重等手段分析了其微观结构和物质组成的变化。研究发现老化后的液体硅橡胶中Si-C、Si-O官能团和Si、C、O元素的相对含量发生了变化,且随着老化程度的增加呈现出较为明显的规律,老化越严重,Si-C键含量越少,C元素的含量越少,O元素含量越多。本文认为,用官能团含量、元素相对含量可以准确地表征液体硅橡胶材料的老化程度。通过对不同老化程度的液体硅橡胶进行的憎水性、耐漏电起痕性能的试验也证实了本文的观点。     

基于模型预测的喹乙醇生态风险评估

兽药和饲料添加剂在养殖业的大量使用,使其成为造成生态环境污染和人体健康损害的一个重要因素.发达国家已经开始采用生态风险评估技术对兽药进行有效的环境管理,而我国在兽药的环境风险管理方面依然处于盲区.喹乙醇是我国畜禽和水产养殖中应用最广泛的一种兽药添加剂.采用欧盟经典的兽药生态风险评估模型与方法,对其进行生态风险评估.结果显示,喹乙醇在土壤、地表水、地下水中的预测暴露浓度分别为0.313～2.68 mg·kg-1、0.928～10.2mg· L-1和0.281 ～3.10 mg·L-1,预测无效应浓度分别为＞200 mg·kg-1、0.5 mg·L-1和0.5 mg·L-1,预测生态风险分别为＜ 1.34×10-2、1.856～20.4和0.562 ～ 6.20.可见,对于喹乙醇的风险管理要将重点放在降低其水生生态风险上.因此,兽药的生态风险评估技术可以为兽药的环境管理提供有效的技术支持.     

推进特种设备动态信息监管

用信息化手段改进工作模式 随着我国经济的快速发展,特种设备数量快速增加.打破原有的特种设备管理方式,构建长效的特种设备监管机制显得尤为迫切和重要.从以往的管理经验来看,构建长效的特种设备监管机制离不开信息化,而信息化的关键在于信息的动态掌握以及信息的真实准确.如果数据质量不过关,长效监管机制也将无从谈起.     

浅谈多媒体教学在煤矿安全培训工作中的应用

多媒体这一现代化教学手段在各类培训教学活动中的运用日益增多,打破了原有的传统教学手段独霸课堂教学的局面。本文从安全培训信息化建设、多媒体教学的趋势出发,讨论了多媒体技术在安全培训中的重要意义及其优势,同时对多媒体的应用提出了两个需要注意的问题。