低温等离子体催化治理气态污染物的研究进展

低温等离子体催化技术作为一种环保新技术具有能耗低、使用便利、不产生副产物等优点,介绍了低温等离子体催化技术的基本原理和在处理VOCs、氮氧化物和机动车尾气治理等领域的研究进展.并提出了该技术应用于治理废气领域尚需解决的问题和发展方向.     

武汉阳逻砾石层ESR地层年代学研究

武汉"阳逻砾石层"是长江中下游新生代的一个重要的岩石地层单位,其形成年代一直是地质和地理学者关注的重要问题。为了更深入地探讨这一问题,在它的两个典型的剖面中采集了8个样品进行ESR地质年代测试,测试结果表明,阳逻砾石层形成于新近纪早更新世中晚期。将本次ESR测年数据与前人的热释光的测年数据、江汉平原西缘和北缘相同岩石地层层位和相同地貌位置的砾石层的测年数据、长江中下游网纹砾石层的测年数据比较发现,它们具有较好的一致性。     

美军C-130／A-10飞机应用PreKote表面预处理的验证试验和评价

2001年,美国奥格登空军后勤中心（OO—ALC）联合空军研究实验室（AFRL）和应用验证总司令部,开始实施PreKote验证试验和评价（QOT＆E）,同时与通常所采用的铬酸盐转化膜工艺的性能进行了对比考核试验。     

鼠李糖脂及其产生菌对原油生物降解影响研究

考察了外加鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂和接种鼠李糖脂产生菌O-2-2对混合烃类降解菌降解原油的影响。结果表明,在降解体系中添加鼠李糖脂使原油20天的降解率由35.7%提高到57.6%。加入鼠李糖脂可同时提高烷烃和芳烃的降解率。在降解体系中接入菌株O-2-2能够快速利用石油烃中的烷烃类化合物并合成鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂,从而有效提高总石油烃的降解率。体系中菌株O-2-2的接入虽然使饱和烃的降解率大大提高,却降低了芳烃的降解率;这说明菌株O-2-2和其它烃类降解菌之间可能存在竞争生长关系。     

介质阻挡放电脱除H2S影响因素研究

恶臭污染物的危害已引起世界各国的广泛关注.选取恶臭污染物的典型代表硫化氢(H2S)气体,采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体反应器在常温常压下对H2S气体进行去除,考察了在高频放电条件下,H2S去除率与放电电压、频率、浓度、停留时阃、湿度、和放电间隙、占空比的关系.实验结果表明,较高的放电电压、较长的停留时间、较大的放电间隙有利于提高H2S去除,合适的湿度、放电频率、脉冲调制有利于提高反应器的效率.反应器参数与电源的有效匹配对于提高H2S去除率及节能降耗十分重要.     

未经处理或仅简单处理生活污水中阴离子表面活性剂浓度测定方法研究

采用碱性亚甲蓝萃取去除蛋白质、硫化物等干扰,然后经酸性亚甲蓝萃取法分析未经处理或仅简单处理生活污水中的阴离子表面活性剂浓度。结果表明：该方法能得到满意的分析结果。     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan, Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2. Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters. The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching of tailings, respectively.     

添加剂和湿法除尘主要参数对炭黑去除效率的影响

选取十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO-9)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)4种表面活性剂配制成吸收液,采用伞形罩洗涤器对燃煤窑炉黑烟进行湿法除尘净化实验,探讨添加剂种类、入口含尘浓度(Cin)、入口风速(u)和液气比(L/G)参数的不同对炭黑(BC)去除效率(η)的影响,结合压降(ΔP,Pa)的变化提出高效脱黑的可行方案.结果表明,在实验条件同为Cin=2g·m-3、u=12m·s-1和L/G=0.2L·m-3条件下,4种吸收液脱黑效果差别不大,AEO-9吸收液具有略明显的优势,炭黑去除效率可达到99.5%(0.06mmol·L-1,AEO-9);在u=12m·s-1和L/G=0.2L·m-3条件下,Cin=5g·m-3时更利于洗涤器对黑烟的净化,AEO-9吸收液的炭黑去除效率近乎100%,ΔP变化不大;入口风速的变化对炭黑去除效率和压降的影响比较明显,当Cin和L/G分别为2g·m-3、0.2L·m-3时,最佳入口风速为12～14m·s-1,炭黑去除效率保持在99%以上;最佳操作液气比可控制在0.2～0.4L·m-3.     

Particle properties in granular activated carbon filter during drinking water treatment

The elemental composition and bacteria attached in particles were investigated during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.The experimental results showed that trapped influent particles could form new,larger particles on GAC surface.The sloughing of individuals off GAC surface caused an increase in effluent particles in the size range from 5 to 25 μm.The selectivity for element removal in GAC filters caused an increasing proportion of metallic elements in the effluent particles.The distribution of molar ratio indicated a complicated composition for large particles,involving organic and inorganic substances.The organic proportion accounted for 40% of total carbon attached to the particles.Compared with dissolved carbon,there was potential for the formation of trihalomethanes by organic carbon attached to particles,especially for those with size larger than 10 μm.The pure carbon energy spectrum was found only in the GAC effluent and the size distribution of carbon fines was mainly above 10 μm.The larger carbon fines provided more space for bacterial colonization and stronger protection for attached bacteria against disinfection.The residual attached bacteria after chorine disinfection was increased to 10 2-10 3 CFU/mL within 24 hours at 25°C.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.