鼠李糖脂淋洗法去除土壤中重金属研究进展

鼠李糖脂是由铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）产生的一种阴离子型表面活性剂,具有高效、可生物降解等特征。鼠李糖脂具有能与重金属离子络合并降低界面张力的作用,因而可以作为淋洗法的提取剂用于去除受污染土壤中的重金属。本文着重阐述了鼠李糖脂去除土壤中重金属污染的原理及影响因素。     

高效脱氮的废水电化学氧化处理方法及系统

该发明公开了一种高效脱氮的废水电化学氧化处理方法及系统。将含氮废水在安全电压5～6V下,通过特制极板的作用,在5～10min内达到总氮去除率60％以上。特制极板为以耐腐蚀的金属钛为电极基材,去除表面氧化物并均匀地涂覆一层混合高分子纳米材料的涂层,混合高分子纳米材料含质量比为7：2．8的RuO2和TiO2,并填加了质量分数为2％的IrO2,以提高电极寿命。     

涂膜耐候钢大气暴露及锈层结构的研究

涂膜JT345耐候钢在青岛、沈阳、北京等地大气环境下曝晒2年,表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能,采用电子探针、X射线衍射等对大气挂片锈层形貌、结构、组成进行了分析,发现JT345耐候钢表面锈层主要由γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH和Fe3O4组成.改性涂层处理可加速耐候钢表面生成致密保护性锈层,该锈层中富集大量的Cr、Cu、P等.     

一株产生生物表面活性剂的海洋细菌培养条件优化与产物特性研究

微生物代谢产生的生物表面活性剂在海洋环境污染的生物处理方面具有较大应用潜力。从青岛近岸海水中分离到一株生物表面活性剂产生菌株S-22,鉴定为球型节杆菌（Arthrobacter globiformis）,通过摇瓶实验对其生长和产生生物表面活性剂的培养条件进行优化,最佳培养条件下6 h表面张力可降低至30.5 mN/m。该菌株产生生物表面活性剂的速度快,有利于大规模工业生产。综合薄层层析分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析和GC-MS分析,结果表明该生物表面活性剂是一种由海藻糖和两种脂肪酸（十六烷酸和9-双键十八烷酸）组成的海藻糖脂。该海藻糖脂表面活性高,临界胶束浓度为48.5 mg/L,具有良好的乳化能力,且耐盐和耐热能力较强,具有良好的应用前景。     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.     

N-长链碳酰基-L-苯丙氨酸单甲基聚乙二醇酯的合成及其性质研究

以L-苯丙氨酸、长链烷基（C₁₂/C₁₄/C₁₆/C₁₈）酰氯和聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG,M_n=350,550,750,1 000 g/mol）为原料,合成了一系列新型非离子型表面活性剂N-长链碳酰基-L-苯丙氨酸单甲基聚乙二醇酯（Rn-L-MPEG）,系统研究了表面张力、界面张力和土壤吸附性与其结构之间的关系。结果表明：随着MPEG分子量的增大,Rn-L-MPEG的表面张力逐渐下降;随着酰氯中烷基链的增长,Rn-L-MPEG的表面张力呈现增大趋势,系列表面活性剂中R12-L-MPEG1000具有最低的表面张力28.11 mN/m;Rn-L-MPEG的界面张力随分子结构变化的规律同表面张力;随着MPEG分子量的增大,Rn-L-MPEG的饱和吸附量逐渐增大,随着酰氯中烷基链的增长,Rn-L-MPEG的饱和吸附量呈现下降趋势。     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的探讨

对水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定方法做了一些探讨改进,并用改进方法和目标法分别对已知样和自配样进行了测定比较,结果标准偏差＜1%,效果较好.     

胶束强化超滤处理阿特拉津的研究

常规处理工艺并不能有效去除水中的环境内分泌干扰物质。研究采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂对阿特拉津进行增溶,并采用聚砜超滤膜和SDS胶束强化超滤处理阿特拉津。考察了SDS浓度、操作压力、无机盐、β-环糊精和烷基多苷(APG)等因素对工艺的影响。结果表明,胶束强化超滤对阿特拉津的去除率可达80%以上,无机盐、β-环糊精、APG和SDS的复配可以提高阿特拉津的去除率。     

Effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on the sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the “soft” carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coe cient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the “soft” carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 0.007) g/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

改性木屑对水中刚果红的吸附性能研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性木屑用于水中刚果红(CR)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)对木屑和改性木屑的性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量以及离子强度对改性木屑去除CR的影响.实验结果表明,CTAB改性后的木屑对刚果红的吸附量明显增大,改性前后木屑的最大吸附量分别为30.30和111.36 mg·g-1.反应过程在前20 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为328 K,吸附剂最适投加量为0.09 g,吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值有关,且增加盐浓度,改性木屑的吸附能力增加.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,且吸附过程为吸热反应.