大气采样方式与采样仪

在环境监测当中大气采样是大气监测工作中的重要环节,本文简要介绍了几个主要的大气采样技术及仪器,以供大家参考。     

湿地中胶体态重金属与形态监测技术研究现状

湿地沉积物间隙水中无机、有机以及生物胶体普遍存在且迁移活性强,这些土壤胶体对重金属的环境污染行为及其地球生物化学循环过程具有重要的调节作用。目前有关湿地环境中胶体态组分耦合重金属形态转化及其相应的形态监测技术逐渐引起人们的关注。文章重点分析了有关沉积物及其间隙水中胶体-重金属形态及相关原位监测方面的研究现状,阐述了国内外高分子凝胶基重金属形态监测技术的研究态势,指出传统原位采样技术存在的问题,并对新型湿地采样技术在胶体态重金属原位监测方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

加强环境现场监测及采样质量控制探析

在实际的环境监测中,工作人员很容易就忽视了采样质量控制,导致出现许多问题。所以,应该制定相关的制度或者利用其他方式有效地加强环境现场监测以及采样质量控制。在环境监测过程中,现场监测是十分重要的,同时还要注意控制现场采样的质量。本文就这两方面展开讨论。     

被动扩散采样在大气环境监测中的应用

通过被动监测同自动监测方法对比,充分体现出被动监测的优越性和可行性,分析结果表明被动监测同样适用于环境空气质量评价。     

Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.     

乌鲁木齐河水中有机悬浮物的分析

本文对乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段悬浮物中的有机物进行了分析，结果表明：冰川站、英雄桥和青年渠道采样点有机物种类达４０余种，总含量分别为１．０，１．１４和１．２ｍｇ．１＾－１，其中Ｃ２９烷烃相对含分别为７．９４％，１５．４９％和１８．４９％，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯相对含量分别为３０．２８％，２２．２８％和３３．７５％，乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段受到程度不同的酞酸二酯的污染。     

轿车正面碰撞计算机数值模拟的分析

利用PAM-CRASH软件建立了轿车的整车正面碰撞模型。研究了材料与焊点的模拟方式、时间步长、刚体、自接触的定义对模拟结果的影响。并将模拟计算结果与实际碰撞结果进行了分析对比。     

PM_(2.5)的微生物组成采样与分析方法

PM_(2.5)具有广泛的来源,而且微生物组成复杂,现阶段针对不同的PM_(2.5)研究目的,形成了不同的采样和分析方法,例如FRM、FEM等采样方法,随着大气细颗粒污染特征越来越明显,PM_(2.5)的微生物组成采样与分析方法越来越受到关注,本文针对此两方面展开研究,为更加全面的认识PM_(2.5)做出努力。     

大气臭氧扩散采样方法的初步研究

用扩散采样法,吸收空气中的Ｏ３,该方法测得的Ｏ３浓度对臭氧发生系统产生的Ｏ３浓度的相关系数为０．９８９５。该方法测得的空气中Ｏ３浓度与自动连续监测结果符合很好。     

大气TSP采样滤膜上PAHs分布的均匀性研究

标准参考物质是分析法研究的基础，也是质量保证较为可信的手段。本文通过对大气ＴＳＰ采样滤膜上ＰＡＨｓ分布的均匀性研究，发现ＰＡＨｓ在滤膜上是均匀分布的，由此，我们提出了滤膜四等分法和八等分法，以获得可用于分析方法研究的实验用参考物质。