日本沼虾与秀丽白虾的营养生态位

为科学评估虾类的营养关系及资源的保护,利用稳定同位素技术研究了2种淡水虾类在大型通江湖泊——洞庭湖和鄱阳湖中的营养生态位和生态宽幅大小.结果表明,日本沼虾与秀丽白虾的δ13C值呈显著差异,而δ15N值无明显差异.同时,由于营养状况及水文的差异,虾类同位素值的差异在2个湖泊中表现不同.日本沼虾的δ13C值范围比秀丽白虾大,频率分布相对集中在-25.0‰～-23.0‰区间,表明其摄食的食物来源更广,对某些饵料生物有所偏好.另外,日本沼虾与秀丽白虾的营养生态位重叠程度较大,表明二者的主要食物来源相同,在食物网中占据的营养级相近,存在着激烈的种间竞争.在鄱阳湖中,日本沼虾占有的营养生态位和生态宽幅大于秀丽白虾;而在洞庭湖的研究结果则相反,主要是由于采样区域生境的差异及人类活动干扰的程度不同所致.     

Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms：An experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes

Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2＋ （the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes） by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2＋ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2＋. The bioavailability of Hg^2＋ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2＋ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2＋ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2＋ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2＋ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2＋ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2＋ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2＋ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2＋ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.     

基于启发式元胞自动机模型的群落演替初期营养级联结效率研究

保护和维持生态系统平衡,非确定性模型的发展使得人们掌握了除确定性模型求解以外的另一条建模途径。在解决生态系统这种复杂系统的问题时,要求我们寻找一种可以满足时空特异性与非线性的途径。群落演替的驱动机制与作用规律是生态研究的一个重要问题,本文通过建立群落演替初期第一第二营养级间相互作用关系的元胞自动机模型研究了营养级联结效率的问题,提出了一种除holling模型以外的捕食者——被捕食者模拟方法,并对各自具有不同特征的生态系统的模拟问题提出了建议。     

云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态综合对比评价分析

基于主成分分析理论和SPSS统计软件,建立湖泊富营养综合评价模型,以云南省九大高原湖泊为例,对滇池等九大高原湖泊营养状态进行综合评价,并与指数评价法评价结果作对比分析。结果表明：基于主成分分析法的湖库营养状态综合评价能较好地反映云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态,综合评价结果优于指数法。     

浮床水蕹菜对养殖水体中营养物的去除效果研究

为研究浮床水蕹菜对池塘养殖水质的改善效果,于2007年6月至11月,在6个2000m2的标准养殖池塘进行了中试研究.3个池塘放养常规鱼类和部分名优鱼类,并利用浮床技术在水面上种植200m2的水蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica）,另外3个池塘放养相同重量的常规鱼类作为对照塘.实验结果显示,种植塘的渔产量为1467k...     

盘点最没有营养的十种食物

俗话说有披着羊皮的狼,现在有一些垃圾食品也披上了健康食品的外衣,一定要小心鉴别哦!生活中,我们总是容易被各种美食诱惑,有一些是因为它们的味道确实鲜美,还有一些则因为在通常印象中,它们极富营养。其实,我们还真需留个心眼,因为有些食物非但没有想象中的对身体有益,过多食用,还可能产生负面影响。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.） to O_3

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3 concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O3 significantly decreased yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.     

贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律研究

17β-雌二醇作为环境甾体雌激素污染的主要污染物之一,广泛分布于自然环境中。采用批次实验,研究了在贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律。结果表明,在贫营养条件下,厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除率达到90%(35℃,76 d),且降解作用主要集中在快速降解阶段,降解规律符合一级降解动力学模型(R2=0.95);厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除主要是通过转化为雌性效力较低的雌酮,再由雌酮转化为其他的转化产物,如17α-雌二醇;Fe(Ⅲ)对17β-雌二醇的去除和转化没有显著的影响。接种污泥的内源代谢作用产生甲烷,Fe(Ⅲ)的存在可以提高甲烷的产率,但对甲烷的总量没有显著影响。     

海洋环境中甲藻磷营养生理研究进展简

甲藻引起的有害藻华已成为我国一个严重的环境和社会问题。磷在海洋环境中的含量、形态不仅影响到甲藻的生理和生化组成,也决定了藻华形成规模。诸多研究表明,溶解态磷是甲藻生长最重要的磷素形态,其能直接利用无机态的正磷酸盐．同时可以通过酶碱性磷酸酶等将有机磷化合物生物转化为无机态磷。当外界环境中磷限制时．甲藻进化出一系列适应机制以降低对其自身影响。通过对甲藻的磷营养生理研究对于揭示有害藻华发生机理具有一定的理论价值。     

不同铁营养状况下根系特征及蒸腾对黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了不同铁营养状况下的根系形态变化及蒸腾作用对不同品种黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响.结果表明,不加铁处理对地上部生物量的影响大于对根系的影响,并且不同品种间生物量差异显著.不加铁处理和低水平铁处理时,黄瓜根长变长、根表面积变大.与不加铁处理相比,加铁处理显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收,中农5号(缺铁敏感黄瓜品种)和津春4号(缺铁不敏感黄瓜品种)每克根对镉的吸收量分别降低了25.5%~45.5%和28.8%~55.0%;但却增加了镉向地上部的转运,镉在叶中的分配系数分别增加了2.2~3.6倍(中农5号)和2.6~3.7倍(津春4号).缺铁敏感的中农5号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积都呈显著正相关性,而缺铁不敏感的津春4号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积之间的关系不显著.不管是中农5号还是津春4号,其蒸腾速率与每克根吸收镉的量均呈显著的正相关关系.不同铁营养状况影响了黄瓜幼苗的根系形态和蒸腾速率,从而影响了根系对镉的吸收,高铁水平显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收.