有机营养肥料研究进展

对几种常用的有机营养肥料(腐殖酸、核酸及其降解物、氨基酸)的生产及其对土壤的作用和生物效应等作了综述并对有机营养肥料的研究和发展方向及其在未来的生态农业和绿色食品生产中的重要性和应用前景作了展望。     

桑沟湾养殖水域春季和夏季营养限制的现场实验

采用营养加富生物测定法现场实验研究了桑沟湾养殖水域浮游植物的营养限制.结果表明,桑沟湾牡蛎和扇贝养殖水域在春季及夏季均不存在营养限制问题;海带养殖水域在春季存在Si营养限制,而在夏季存在N营养限制.讨论了在养殖海域进行营养限制研究的方法,提出了群落培养的营养加富现场实验方法是在养殖水域进行营养限制研究的有效方法.     

Establishing eutrophication assessment standards for four lake regions, China

The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lake eutrophication assessment standard was established through a frequency distribution method based on chlorophyll-a concentration. The assessment standards under the oligotrophic state for lakes in the Eastern plain, Yungui Plateau, Northeast Plain and Mountain Mongolia-Xinjiang regions are total phosphorus of 0.068, 0.005, 0.011, 0.005 mg/L; total nitrogen of 1.00, 0.16, 0.37, 0.60 mg/L; Secchi depth of 0.60, 8.00, 1.55, 3.00 m; and CODMn of 2.24, 1.00, 5.1 l, 4.00 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, a region-specific comprehensive trophic level index was developed to provide an understandable assessment method for the public. The results indicated that the frequency distribution analysis based on chlorophyll-a combined with trophic level index provided a useful metric for the assessment of the lake trophic status. In addition, the difference of eutrophication assessment standards in different lake regions was analyzed, which suggested that the sensitivities of algae to nutrients and the assessment standard of trophic status possessed significant regional differences for the four lake ecoregions. Lake eutrophication assessment standards would contribute to maximizing the effectiveness of future management strategies, to control and minimize lake eutrophication problems.     

西沙群岛珊瑚礁鱼类多样性及分布格局

为了解西沙群岛珊瑚礁鱼类多样性、营养级特征及其分布格局,本研究于2019年5月在西沙群岛6座主要岛礁（北礁、赵述岛、西沙洲、玉琢礁、华光礁、晋卿岛）采用水下录像方式进行了原位监测,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、优势种和群落格局等进行了分析。结果表明,调查海域共记录珊瑚礁鱼类116种,隶属3目21科;主要优势种为栉齿刺尾鱼（C...     

水果连皮吃是否更营养

近来,有关果蔬带皮吃的讨论非常激烈。有人说果蔬带皮吃农药太多促使癌症发生,又有人说吃果蔬一定要带皮吃才有营养,弄得人们无所适从。果蔬的营养非常丰富,是膳食中重要的抗氧化因素,还有果胶等可溶性膳食纤维,有降低血     

吃鸡蛋容易犯的5个错误

<正>虽然鸡蛋营养价值高,吃法多变,不过吃鸡蛋还是有5大误区需要注意。误区一:蛋壳颜色越深,营养价值越高鸡蛋壳的颜色与营养价值的关系并不大。分析表明,鸡蛋的营养价值高低主要取决于饲料的营养结构与鸡的摄食情况,与蛋壳的颜色无多大关系。从感官上看,蛋清越浓稠,表明蛋白质含量越高,蛋白的品质越好。正常情况下,蛋黄颜色较深的鸡蛋营养价值稍高一些。误区二:鸡蛋怎么吃营养都一样鸡蛋吃法是多种多样的,有煮、蒸、炸、炒等。就鸡蛋     

磁核颗粒自生成的磁絮凝除藻特性

分别采用亚铁盐+铁盐(方案一)和亚铁盐+高锰酸钾(方案二)处理淡水蓝藻,研究在外磁场作用下2种方案对水中铜绿微囊藻的去除效果及机理。结果表明:在合适投药配比情况下,方案一、方案二在絮凝过程中分别自发生成磁核颗粒Fe_3O_4与MnFe_2O_4并实现藻絮体的快速磁分离,方案一对污染物的去除效率以及藻毒素的控制效果优于方案二,铁盐絮凝剂对藻团表面的亲水性EOM影响较小,KMnO_4的强氧化作用使表层EOM脱落并损坏藻团结构从而造成藻毒素释放。水温、高岭土浓度以及藻絮体表面Zeta电位的变化对浊度和叶绿素的去除效果影响较小,TP去除受上述因素影响较大,且与藻絮体表面Zeta电位的变化趋势一致,可推断铜绿微囊藻和TP的主要去除机理分别为网捕卷扫作用和静电吸附作用。     

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in two different trophic states of the eutrophic Lake Taihu, China

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in 2 different trophic states (macrophyte-dominated and algae-dominated) of the large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Clustering analysis of DGGE profiles showed that different clusters were recognized in different depths of sediment cores in the 2 lake trophic states. Analyses of the bacterial diversity, as estimated by the Shannon index (H'), showed that different sediment layers of the macrophyte-dominated state had higher diversity than the algae-dominated state. In addition, bacterial diversity of the sediment in the macrophyte-dominated state changed abruptly throughout the layers, but bacterial diversity of the algae-dominated state decreased gradually with sediment depth. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the middle sediment of the 2 lake trophic states. In the macrophyte-dominated state, clone sequences related to Betaproteobacteria (50.0%) were the most abundant, followed by Epsilonproteobacteria (21.1%), Acidobacteria (7.9%), Deltaproteobacteria (7.9%), Chloroflexi (7.9%), and Bacteroidetes (5.3%); whereas in the algae-dominated state, sequences affiliated with Betaproteobacteria (84.4%) were predominant, followed by Deltaproteobacteria (12.5%) and Acidobacteria (3.1%). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that organic matter and pH play key roles in driving the vertical changes of bacterial community composition.     

贫营养型水库中罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响:围隔实验

于2009年9～11月在贫营养型的大型深水水库(流溪河水库)中进行了围隔(体积约为85 m3)实验,分析了罗非鱼对浮游植物的影响.根据水库中现有鱼类的生物量,设置加鱼处理组(2 g/m3)和无鱼对照组两组.每组有3个重复,实验开始后每周采样一次,测定水质与采集浮游生物定性和定量样品.实验结果表明,加鱼处理组和对照组的总氮、可溶性无机氮没有明显差别,实验后期的总磷与正磷有一定差别,处理组略高于对照组.加鱼处理组浮游植物丰度及生物量、叶绿素a的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且透明度低于对照组,个体小于30μm的浮游植物种类的丰度与生物量较明显增加,浮游动物丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但是生物量差异不显著(P>0.05).总的来说,在贫营养条件下,低生物量的罗非鱼对水库浮游植物群落结构仍有着明显的影响,罗非鱼排泄产生的上行效应大于摄食产生的下行效应.     

北京减河-潮白河水系的浮游植物与水质分析

2009年的调查结果显示,在北京减河－潮白河(顺义段)水系的10个监测断面中共检出浮游植物6门72种,其中蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻种数分别占20.8％、38.9％、27.8％。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.45~2.42, 属中度污染。浮游植物平均密度为2991.17×10⁴cells/L, 其中蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻分别占73.6％、8.1％、13.9％,群落中的优势种群均为耐有机污染的富营养型水体指示种。该水系6项理化指标(SD、TN、TP、COD_Cr、BOD₅、 Chla )的TSI_M值为86.02~89.66,属于富营养型水体,主要污染物是TP、TN、COD_Cr。在物理、化学和生物因素的综合作用下TN、TP含量在该水系中的降低率分别为79.36%,74.29%。浮游植物密度与COD_Cr、Chla呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)。