超临界CO_2流体环境中线路板分层实验分析

在超临界CO2流体环境下,当温度达到240℃以上时,印刷线路板就会发生分层现象。同时,在实验中发现在非超临界流体环境下,当温度达到260℃以上时,线路板也会发生分层现象。从线路板粘接材料发生热解反应的角度出发,在对比超临界CO2流体环境下与非超临界流体环境下的线路板分层效果的基础上,对超临界CO2流体环境下的线路板分层做出合理分析,最后发现临界CO2流体对线路板分层过程有促进作用,并对其分层效果有优化作用。     

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol in subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide addition

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol （PCP, C6HC150）, as the probable human carcinogen, was investigated in a tubular reactor under subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide （NaOH） addition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 30（0-420℃ and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa, with a residence time that ranged from 10 s to 70 s. Under the reaction conditions, the initial PCP concentrations were varied from 0.25 to 1.39 mmol/L, and the NaOH concentrations were varied from 2.5 to 25 times of the concentrations of PCP. The result of this study showed that PCP conversion in supercritical water was highly dependent on the reaction temperature, residence time, and NaOH concentration. PCP conversion in subcritical water is, however, only dependent on reaction temperature. NaOH concentration and residence times were found to have little effect on PCP conversion in subcritical condition. It was found that NaOH concentration affected the dechlorinations of PCP in the supercritical water. The intermediates detected were proposed to be tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, respectively.     

信息与动态

CO2捕集工艺进入工业化试验;超临界水裂解渣油;纳米孔穴改善TiO2的光吸收性;美国DowCorning公司承担“废物变能源”项目。     

超临界锅炉螺旋水冷壁爆管分析及预防措施

燃煤电站锅炉受热面"四管"泄漏严重影响火力发电厂机组安全稳定运行,受热面"四管"泄漏与基建安装、检修质量、运行操作等密切相关,涉及锅炉、金属、燃料、热工、化学等多个专业。分析"四管"泄漏的具体原因对制定机组运行防范措施、检修项目、检修方案和检修质量标准等有重要指导意义。对某电厂超临界锅炉后墙水冷壁泄漏原因进行分析,从爆管外观、硬度检测、金相检验等多方面对爆管原因进行了分析,针对爆管原因提出了针对性的治理措施,对同类型超临界锅炉"四管"泄露防范和机组安全稳定运行有参考价值。     

超临界水氧化法处理焦化废水

对超临界水氧化技术处理焦化废水进行了试验研究,以H2O2作为氧化剂,研究了氧化剂用量、反应温度、停留时间和压力等影响因素.试验结果表明H2O2用量的增加有利于污染物降解,但是当用量为理论用量1.6倍时,其影响已不明显.废水的CODCr,去除率随着反应温度、压力和停留时间的增大而提高.另外,在所有影响因素中反应温度是影响焦化废水降解的主要因素.试验确定了最适宜工艺条件为:H2O2用量为理论用量1.6倍,反应温度540℃,反应压力28MPa,反应时间大于120 s.在此工艺条件下,废水的CODCr,去除率达99.4%.     

银杏渣超临界甲醇解聚产物分析

考察了银杏渣粉末在超临界甲醇中的解聚反应,用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析了解聚产物。结果表明,超临界甲醇解聚产物(SCMD)中成分十分复杂,GC/MS分析鉴定出86种有机化合物,其中59种为含氧有机化合物,有酯、酚、醚、醇和酮等,还检测出少量正构烷烃、烯烃、芳烃和含氮有机化合物,反映了SCMD的高含氧量特性。SCMD中10.65%的苯酚类物质、3.34%的芳烃类物质和5.20%的苯甲醚类化合物可能源于木质素在超临界甲醇中的解聚作用,而32.84%的甲酯及二甲酯类化合物可能是甲醇与银杏渣组成和解聚产物酯化反应的结果。由此可以推断出在银杏渣的超临界解聚过程中涉及了甲醇与银杏渣的醇解和热解的协同反应。     

超临界流体的应用及发展趋势

介绍了超临界流体的定义、性质和特征，及超临界流体技术在萃取、重结晶、色谱和化学反应等不同方面的应用，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Mini-Review： Green sustainable processes using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide

Environmentally benign carbon dioxide offers significant potential in its supercritical fluid phase to replace current reliance on a range of hazardous,relatively expensive and environmentally damaging organic solvents that are used on an extensive global basis.The unique combination of the physical properties of supercritical fluids are being exploited and further researched to continue the development and establishment of high efficiency,compact plant to provide energy and water efficient manufacturing processes.This mini-review is focused on the use and potential applications of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide for a selected range of key and emerging industrial processes as a sustainable alternative to totally eliminate or greatly reduce the requirement of numerous conventional organic solvents.Examples of the industries include:chemical extraction and purification,synthetic chemical reactions including polymerization and inorganic catalytic processes.Biochemical reactions involving enzymes,particle size engineering,textile dyeing and advanced material manufacture provide further illustrations of vital industrial activities where supercritical fluid technology processes are being implemented or developed.Some aspects relating to the economics of sustainable supercritical fluid carbon dioxide processes are also considered.     

超临界流体技术在环境科学中的应用进展

简要介绍了超临界流体的基本性质及超临界流体萃取技术和超临界水氧化技术的工作原理,指出了超临界二氧化碳和超临界水的特殊价值和优点,并详细讨论了超临界CO2萃取(SFE)技术和超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术的研究历程及其在环境科学中的应用与前景.     

超临界CO2萃取再生活性炭技术研究进展

超临界流体由于密度大、粘度低、表面张力小，是再生活性炭的理想溶剂，文章介绍了超临界ＣＯ２萃取再生活性炭的原理，研究现状，设备和工艺流程及对该工艺的影响因素，表明了该技术在活性炭再生上的特点，优势及应用前景。