干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响

用不同的壳聚糖溶液分组处理干旱胁迫下的玉米幼苗,并于每次喷施壳聚糖的第二天测定幼苗的叶绿素、蛋白质、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等生理生化指标的含量.结果显示,用0.2％溶液处理的玉米幼苗其叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量的升高都较显著,0.3％溶液处理的玉米幼苗脯氨酸含量相对较低.由此说明,壳聚糖溶液处理干旱胁迫下的玉米幼苗有利于其生长,为壳聚糖对玉米抵抗干旱胁迫的影响提供了理论依据.     

连续两年紫外线—B辐射增强对玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

研究了在紫外线(UV-B)辐射增强条件下与自然光下生长的玉米种子的发芽和幼苗生长特性以及对UV—B反应的变化。结果表明：与自然光下生长的玉米种子相比，UV—B辐射增强条件下生长的玉米种子的发芽率和幼苗生长指标有不同程度的下降，但在连续两年UV—B强度增加条件下，其种子发芽和幼苗生长指标受高强度UV—B影响的程度显著下降。在连续两年UV—B辐射增强条件下生长的玉米种子萌发的幼苗叶片类黄酮含量显著高于在自然光下生长的玉米种子萌发的幼苗，这可能是在UV—B辐射增强条件下生长的玉米对UV—B辐射增强产生适应性的重要原因之一。     

秸秆污泥基活性炭的制备及吸附H2S的实验研究

以市政污泥和玉米秸秆的混合物为原材料,KOH为活化剂,制备了秸秆污泥基活性炭(AC).实验考察了秸秆与污泥用量比例,以及活化剂用量对秸秆污泥基活性炭物化特性的影响.结果显示,m(污泥)∶m(秸秆)∶m(KOH)为3∶7∶2的条件下,制备的活性炭C372以微孔为主,微孔率达到0.59,比表面积达到369.271 m2·g-1.该活性炭的穿透硫容与饱和硫容均最高,分别为5.82 mg·g-1(以H2S计)和7.00 mg·g-1(以H2S计),活性炭表面内酯基的存在不利于其对硫化氢的吸附.SEM和BET表征分析显示,随着秸秆在污泥中比例的增加,活性炭比表面积增大,对H2S的吸附量提高.活性炭C372具有较好的再生性能,二次再生后其穿透硫容与饱和硫容均能恢复55%以上.     

玉米叶对我国几种典型赤潮藻生长的影响研究

研究了玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)生长的影响,以期为筛选新的、无污染的、廉价高效的除藻剂提供思路,为不同的有害赤潮的治理提供参考.结果表明,玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻、海洋卡盾藻、赤潮异弯藻、东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻生长的影响明显不同.玉米叶可显著抑制塔玛亚历山大藻、海洋卡盾藻和赤潮异弯藻的生长,但对东海原甲藻生长的影响不大,对球形棕囊藻的生长则有显著的促进作用.这些结果表明,玉米叶对赤潮藻生长的抑制作用存在一定的选择性,这种选择性与藻的种属与细胞结构并无明显的相关性.     

Modified accumulation of selected heavy metals in Bt transgenic rice

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops generally does not take into account the potential hazard of altered patterns of heavymetal accumulation in plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the impact of heavy metalamendments on the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a Bt transgenic rice Ke-Ming-Dao (KMD) and its wild-type Xiushui 11(Xs11). In control soils, significant di erence was only found in contents of Cu (p < 0.01) and Pb (p < 0.05) in straw between KMDand Xs11. At three levels of Cd amendments (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), the Cd contents in grain and straw of KMD were significantly higherthan those of Xs11, and all grain Cd contents were significantly higher than the International Criteria (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) as specified bythe Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). These results implied that it may be unsafe for growing Bt transgenic rice in heavilyCd-polluted areas. No significant di erence in Zn was found between the two varieties with the exception of roots at Zn amendmentlevel of 600 mg/kg, while Pb contents in KMD were much higher in the straw at the lead amendment level of 1000 mg/kg and in theroot at 250 mg Pb/kg. Data on the heavy metal accumulation patterns for the genetically modified rice may be used for the selection ofgrowing areas as well as for plant residue management for Bt rice.     

城市生活污泥农用对作物和土壤中汞的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了连续5a施用污泥条件下汞(Hg)在小麦/玉米轮作体系中累积及转运特征.田间试验包括5个处理:施用化肥处理(S0)和4个施用污泥处理,污泥用量分别为4.5t/hm2(S1)、9t/hm2(S2)、18t/hm2(S3)和36t/hm2(S4).结果表明,随着污泥施用年限的增加土壤中Hg累积量显著增加,污泥中所含Hg的投入量与土壤中Hg的累积量之间存在显著的线性回归关系;污泥中的Hg主要累积在表层土壤(0~20cm),累积率达到90%以上;当污泥中的Hg含量低于污泥农用时污染物控制标准限值(GB18918-2002)时,在用量低于2400t/(hm2·a)条件下,连续5a施用并未对小麦和玉米地上部Hg含量产生显著影响.     

Climate-induced Changes in Spring Maize Water Requirement in Xiliaohe River Watershed

Xiliaohe River watershed plays an important role in regional and national grain security. With the development of society and economy, water consumption that increased dramatically causes water shortages. Crop water requirement can provide quantitative basis for making regional irrigation scheme. In this study, spring maize water requirement is calculated by using PenmanMonteith formula and spring maize coefficient from May to September at 10 meteorological stations in Xiliaohe River watershed from 1951 to 2005. The variation trend of the spring maize water requirement during the whole growing stage, water requirement in every month, and meteorological influencing factors are obtained by using Mann-Kendall method, and the degree of grey incidence between the water requirement and meteorological influencing factors are shown. The results are the spring maize water requirement during the whole growing stages increases at half of the stations in Xiliaohe River watershed, and are remarkably affected by the water requirement in May. The monthly mean, maximum and minimum air temperature form May to September show an increasing trend in Xiliaohe River watershed in recent 55 years. The monthly mean and minimum air temperature increases notably. The relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and sunshine show a decreasing trend with variety for different months. The monthly maximum air temperature, wind speed, sunshine and monthly mean air temperature have the highest correlation degree with spring maize water requirement from May to September.     

表面硅烷化改性秸秆吸油材料的制备及性能

玉米秸秆是低成本、环境友好的农业废弃物之一.以废弃秸秆为原料,用氢氧化钠、硫化钠、二氧化硅及乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为表面改性剂对秸秆材料进行表面改性处理.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)及接触角测量仪对改性前后材料进行表征.结果表明,经表面改性后的秸秆材料表面改性均匀,与水的润湿角达...     

转Cry1Ie基因玉米和转CP4-剧SPS基因大豆对斑马鱼的生态毒性

为评估转Cry1Ie基因抗虫玉米和转CP4-EPSPS基因耐除草剂大豆对鱼类的生态毒理效应,以斑马鱼(Danio rerro)为受试动物,配制4种分别含有转基因玉米、转基因大豆以及相应非转基因亲本的试验饲料,并以商业饲料为对照,通过98 d喂养实验,调查斑马鱼的摄食、生长、繁殖和抗氧化酶活性,分析不同喂养阶段斑马鱼的组...     

科学认识转基因

转基因技术对解决人类食物需求的作用是积极的,而对其所涉及的食物安全问题需要非常严格的监管制度．对整个生态系统的作用则确实需要更长时期的监测。与此同时,需要认识到的是．科学结论永远是相对的．人生活在当代,应当尊重当代科学所达到的高度,对于前沿技术．需要更为开放的认识思想。