中国南海双壳类微核的再研究

应用双壳类软体动物的微核测试监测水体的遗传毒性效应,是1986年以来才在国内外建立起来的一项短期、快速、经济的,并能在现场进行监测的测试系统。本文再次报道了在中国南海沿岸对12个牡蛎养殖场的养殖牡蛎外套膜上皮细胞的微核检测结果,与此同时,还对国外有关文献进展情况作了简介。     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.     

黄河三角洲潮间带软体动物多样性与分布格局

为了解黄河三角洲潮间带软体动物现状,于2018年秋季和2019年春季分别对建国后4个主要的黄河入海流路潮间带进行了采样调查。此次调查共采集到软件动物2纲11目24科45种,主要优势种有短滨螺(Littorina brevicula)、托氏■螺(Umbonium costatum)、古氏滩栖螺(Batillaria cumingi)和秀丽织纹螺(Nassarius concinnus)等,年平均密度和平均生物量分别为411.56个·m~(-2)和222.25 g·m~(-2);各地点的丰富度指数(d)变化范围为0.329～1.648,均匀度指数(J)的变化范围为0.302～0.678,多样性指数(H′)的变化范围为0.298～1.384,仅平均生物量的地点和季节存在显著交互作用(P0.05);年平均密度、平均生物量、丰富度指数和多样性指数在不同地点存在极显著差异(P0.01),季节差异不显著(P0.05)。不同黄河入海流路对软体动物的空间分布格局影响显著,这与黄河调水调沙及生态调水工程有一定关系。作为迁徙水鸟的主要食物类群,软体动物对水鸟保护起着至关重要的作用,应加强对其的监测与保护。