用紫外辐射反演气溶胶单次散射反照率的方法研究

利用紫外辐射监测资料,结合对流层紫外与可见光辐射传输模式,反演气溶胶单次散射反照率(SSA).敏感性试验和误差分析表明:紫外辐照度对SSA敏感;气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)对反演SSA的误差影响最大,波长指数次之,地表反照率和其他因素的影响较小.使用该方法计算的珠三角地区的气溶胶单次散射反照率为0.84~0.99,平均值为0.92,与以往研究相比具有较好的一致性.     

2012年黄海绿潮藻早期发生和聚集动力学成因分析

利用2012年4月份浒苔藻早期调查数据和海洋模型FVCOM,对浒苔早期发生地的苏北海域进行水动力模拟,分析浒苔在该海域发生和聚集的动力学成因。结果表明,浒苔最初还是发生在南通启东沿海,尤其是小洋口外的太阳岛附近应当是浒苔早期暴发的主要发源地之一,并逐渐向北和外海发展,吕四附近的沿岸应当不是早期浒苔暴发的发源地,浒苔大部分都位于辐射沙洲的槽沟附近。模拟结果发现,由于潮流的作用导致早期浒苔聚集并也呈与辐射沙洲相一致放射状的条带状或斑块状分布,黄海苏北浅滩潮致锋面上升流是诱发浒苔早期暴发的因素之一。     

Fabrication of Bi2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites and their applications to the degradation of pollutants in air and water under visible-light

A nanoheterojunction composite photocatalyst Bi2O3/TiO2working under visible-light(λ 420 nm) was prepared by combining two semiconductors Bi2O3 and TiO2 varying the Bi2O3/TiO2molar ratio. Maleic acid was employed as an organic binder to unite Bi2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The SEM, TEM, XRD and diffuse reflectance spectra were utilized to characterize the prepared Bi2O3/TiO2nanoheterojunction. The nanocomposite exhibited unusual high photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol in gas phase and phenol in aqueous phase and, evolution of CO2 under visible light irradiation while the end members exhibited low photocatalytic activity. The composite was optimized to 5 mol% Bi2O3/TiO2. The remarkable high photocatalytic efficiency originates from the unique relative energy band position of Bi2O3 and TiO2 as well as the absorption of visible light by Bi2O3.     

A visible light-responsive iodine-doped titanium dioxide nanosphere

I-doped titanium dioxide nanospheres (I-TNSs) were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route, their potential for the e cient utilization of visible light was evaluated. The prepared anatase-phase I-TNSs had a bimodal porous size distribution with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 76 m2/g, a crystallite size of approximately 14 nm calculated from X-ray di raction data, and a remarkable absorption in the visible light region at wavelengths > 400 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by decoloration of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation in comparison to the iodine-doped TiO2 (I-TiO2). The I-TNSs showed higher photocatalytic e ciency compared with I-TiO2 after irradiation for 180 min even though the latter had a much greater surface area (115 m2/g). It was concluded that the surface area was not the predominant factor determining photocatalytic activity, and that the good crystallization and bimodal porous nanosphere structure were favourable for photocatalysis.     

微波辐射香草醛交联壳聚糖对镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术合成了香草醛交联壳聚糖(V-CTS)希夫碱,用红外光谱和扫描电镜对产物结构进行了表征,研究了该吸附剂对镉离子的吸附性能。结果表明,香草醛改性壳聚糖粒径约在5~40μm之间,吸附剂对镉离子的的吸附条件是:pH为6.0,100 mg/LCd2+溶液50 mL,吸附剂投加量为0.02 g,吸附震荡时间5 h,温度20℃,吸附量为39.7 mg/g。与水浴法制备的吸附剂以及其他壳聚糖改性产品相比,该吸附剂的吸附量大大提高,且操作方法简单,工艺条件易于控制。     

UV-B辐射对青冈凋落叶化学组成和分解的影响

采用模拟UV-B辐射增强方法研究了UV-B辐射对我国亚热带常绿阔叶林顶极种青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)叶片化学组成及其凋落后分解和养分释放的影响.结果显示,增强的UV-B辐射使青冈凋落叶中的N、K和P含量分别显著增加了154.9%、29.8%和9.7%(P<0.05),使凋落叶中的C∶N、木质素∶N和C∶P比分别显著降低了60.5%、61.7%和8.5%(P<0.05),对C和木质素含量的影响不显著.在随后1 a的分解过程中,生长期间接受增强UV-B辐射的凋落叶分解得更快,但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).生长期间接受增强的UV-B辐射促进了P元素的释放,减缓了N元素的富集,对K元素释放无影响.本研究结果有助于全面认识UV-B辐射增强背景下我国亚热带森林生态系统的生物地球化学循环特征.     

Photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A in the presence of prepared CexZn1-xO nanocomposites under irradiation of sunlight

Photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A （BPA）, a representative endocrine disruptor chemical, was carried out under irradiation of sunlight in the presence of CexZn1-xO nanophotocatalyst. Cerium （Ce） ions were successfully incorporated into the bulk lattice of ZnO by simple co-precipitation process. The CexZn1-xO composite nanostructures exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure ZnO in the degradation of BPA under sunlight irradiation and nearly complete mineralization of BPA was achieved. The degradation rate was strongly dependent on factors such as the size and structure of catalyst, doping material concentration, BPA concentration, catalyst load, irradiation time and pH levels. This work suggested that the CexZn1-xO assisted photocatalytic degradation is a versatile, economic, environmentally benign and efficient method for BPA removal in the aqueous environment.     

汽车零部件耐候性技术要求设定思路

目的论述如何通过内、外饰零部件耐候性技术要求的控制,来满足整车在不同地区、不同气候的使用要求。方法通过分析户外自然老化结果的相关性,制定氙灯加速老化测试方法,并在此基础上制定相关要求。结果氙灯老化测试中辐照剂量的控制应以零部件进行分类,技术要求及外观评价应按材料种类进行分类,并分别制定限值要求。结论汽车内、外饰零部件耐候性质量的管控应从测试方法、技术要求、外观评价三方面加以严格控制。     

光合有效辐射总量及其散射辐射比例变化对 森林GPP影响的模拟

研究利用基于冠层辐射传输与植物生理过程的MAESTRA模型,结合中国东部鼎湖山、千烟洲及长白山3个典型森林生态系统的CO₂通量观测数据,对光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation, PAR)总量及其散射辐射比例变化影响下生态系统总初级生产力(Gross Primary Productivity,GPP)的变化进行了模拟与敏感性分析,从而探讨这两者的变化对森林生态系统GPP的综合影响。研究结果表明:PAR总量变化对GPP的影响程度由PAR总量变化幅度以及GPP对PAR总量变化的敏感程度所决定,较低的PAR总量与较高的温度条件下GPP对PAR总量变化较敏感;散射辐射比例增大可以提高森林冠层对入射PAR的吸收和利用效率,其对GPP的影响程度由散射辐射量的变化以及散射辐射与直射辐射在吸收与利用效率上的差别所决定,较高温度与叶面积条件下该差别较大;PAR总量与散射辐射比例共同变化对GPP的综合影响取决于上述两个过程的抵消结果,入射PAR较强时两者抵消作用通常更明显,在全年总量上,散射辐射比例变化对GPP的影响能抵消PAR总量变化影响的1/3~1/2。     

北京市安全文化建设示范企业创建经验连载—— 拓展信息传播渠道辐射安全文化温度

企业在安全文化建设过程中,安全理念的传播、安全行为规范的落实,都离不开安全信息的传播与沟通。在企业内部,有效的沟通可以获得员工对安全工作的理解、合作和支持,提高全员参与安全工作的兴趣,同时也有利于营造上下级之间相互信任、员工之间团队互助的安全氛围。与此同时,安全信息传播沟通的渠道也正在通过"亲情助安全""国企开放日"等活动,拓展到企业外部,辐射出独特的安全文化温度。