Removal of haloacetic acids by nanofiltration

Haloacetic acids, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during drinking water chlorination process are carcinogens. The e cacy of nanofiltration (NF) was examined for the removal of five regulated haloacetic acids (HAA5): chloro-, dichloro-, and trichloro-acetic acid (CAA, DCAA, and TCAA); bromo-, and dibromo-acetic acid (BAA, and DBAA) in synthetic water. NF with the dense negatively charged membrane (ES 10), is the most e cient in removing HAA5 than the loose negatively charged membrane (NTR 7410) and neutral surface membrane (NTR 729HF), due to the greater electrostatic repulsion (Donan exclusion) and sieve e ect. Excellent HAA5 removal e ciency of 90%–100% could be obtained even at a low pressure of 1 105 Pa with ES 10. Changes in cross-flow velocity did not e ect the performance of membranes with a small pore size such as ES 10 and NTR 729HF. The increase in HAA5 concentration exhibited the adverse e ect on the performance of three membranes by strengthening the concentration polarization, which was the driving force for the di usion of HAA anions across the membrane.     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

VFSMOD模型对植被过滤带净化效果的模拟与适应性分析

在简述Vegetative Filter Strips Model(VFSMOD)模型的功能和机制的基础上,通过野外小区试验资料检验该模型对国内植被过滤带净化效果的模拟情况,进而分析其适用性.结果表明,出流水量模拟值与实测值的偏差多在±15%以内,出流SS浓度模拟值与实测值的偏差多在±20%以内,出流水量和出流SS浓度模拟值与实测值的判定系数R2分别为0.995和0.889,模型具有较高的精度与较强的适应性,可用于植被过滤带的规划设计.     

压裂返排液处理与回用技术实验

针对压裂返排液回用处理工艺技术,采用SM17-1H井压裂返排液样品,开展了返排液处理与回用实验研究。结果表明,压裂返排液采用氧化破胶、絮凝沉淀、两级精细过滤、脱硼组合工艺处理后,调整压裂返排液pH值为7.2～7.5,添加0.3%工业级NaClO,氧化20min,加入400mg/L工业级PAC,4mg/L分子量800万的阳离子型PAM,上清液透光率可达到94%以上,满足絮凝沉降的要求。处理后水经氧化絮凝处理后,硼离子经WH908或C700树脂吸附除硼后,硼含量降低到1.25mg/L,满足压裂返排液处理后重新配液的要求。此结果为压裂返排液处理和重复利用技术现场实验奠定了基础。     

曝气—过滤一体化装置中同步硝化反硝化的研究

曝气—过滤一体化装置主要由生物反应器、慢性砂滤池及滤布组成。因慢性砂滤池和滤布具有分离截留作用,可以使生物反应器中活性污泥浓度维持在较高水平。当污泥浓度维持在9～l0g/L时,曝气一过滤一体化装置中要取得较好的同步硝化反硝化效果应满足:DO为1mg/L,C/N值为29,pH值在7.7～8.1之间。     

利用冻结融解法进行污泥脱水的研究

本文对给水厂污泥，通过加药脱水和冻结融解脱水的两种实验，比较得知：污泥经冻结融解处理，粒子粗大化；过滤比阻比真空脱水污泥的比阻降一个数量级，过滤速度是真空脱水污泥的３—４倍，比添加助剂脱水污泥降两个数量级；脱水性能显著提高，可获得含水率较低的泥饼．特别是１０％以上的高浓度污泥，自然固液分离很困难，经冻结融解处理，沉降性提高，固液分离容易，再浓缩效果更好．     

风速及消杀手段对过滤材料效率影响的研究

探究了3～20 cm/s过滤风速及75%酒精和紫外线消杀处理对两种非静电滤料与两种带静电滤料过滤效率的影响,研究结果表明:风速的增加直接导致4种滤料穿透率增大,过滤效率降低。两种消杀手段对非静电滤料的影响很小,对带静电滤料的影响很大,且表现不同。酒精喷洒后,两种带电滤料效率显著降低,在5 cm/s下过滤效率低于未经处理滤料在20 cm/s下的效率;紫外线照射后,带静电滤料效率有所下降,带静电滤料B下降的幅度甚至达到了滤速增加1倍的水平。研究结论可为进一步认识空气过滤器在增大风速及消杀后过滤性能的变化提供参考。     

防尘口罩结构/材料及其加工技术探讨

介绍了防尘口罩的结构及选用时应注意的一些问题,分析了作为防尘口罩核心组件的滤料的过滤机制。论述了一些非织造布材料和非织造布加工方式对于防尘口罩滤料生产的优点和不足之处。对于广泛应用于口罩滤料的聚丙烯材料及滤料的主要加工方式——熔喷法非织造布生产技术,进行了重点介绍。同时也简要介绍了为完善口罩的综合性能而采用的非织造布复合技术。最后研究分析了提高口罩过滤效率的一种非常重要的方法——非织造布驻极加工方法,并对目前防尘口罩应用中存在的问题进行了简要的分析。     

塑烧板除尘器在精轧机除尘系统中的应用

为满足环境治理的要求以及更好地保证钢板表面质量,日照轧钢有限公司1580带钢厂及新余钢铁有限责任公司1580热轧带钢生产线均采用塑烧板除尘器处理热轧过程中产生的大量的氧化铁粉、油雾、水蒸汽烟气。结合精轧生产线的工艺特点,选用第三代塑烧板作为清灰滤料,比较了两种吸尘罩对除尘系统运行效果的影响。