Efficacy of two chemical coagulants and three different filtration media on removal of Aspergillus flavus from surface water

Aquatic fungi are common in various aqueous environments and play potentially crucial roles in nutrient and carbon cycling as well as interacting with other organisms. Species of Aspergillus are the most common fungi that occur in water. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of two coagulants, aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, used at different concentrations to treat drinking water, in removing Aspergillusflavus, as well as testing three different filtration media： sand, activated carbon, and ceramic granules, for their removal of fungi from water. The results revealed that both coagulants were effective in removing fungi and decreasing the turbidity of drinking water, and turbidity decreased with increasing coagulant concentration. Also, at the highest concentration of the coagulants, A. flavus was decreased by 99.6% in the treated water. Among ceramic granules, activated carbon, and sand used as media for water filtration, the sand and activated carbon filters were more effective in removing A.flavus than ceramic granules while simultaneously decreasing the turbidity levels in the test water samples. Post-treatment total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） concentrations in the experimental water did not decrease; on the contrary, TN concentrations increased with the increasing dosage of coagulants. The filtration process had no effect in reducing TOC and TN in tested water.     

Experimental study on filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system for heavy-duty diesel engines

This study investigated the filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system on an engine test bench, consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter（CDPF）. Both the DOC and the CDPF led to a high conversion of NO to NO2 for continuous regeneration. The filtration efficiency on solid particle number（SPN） was close to100%. The post-CDPF particles were mainly in accumulation mode. The downstream SPN was sensitively influenced by the variation of the soot loading. This phenomenon provides a method for determining the balance point temperature by measuring the trend of SPN concentration.     

Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

应用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对止咳糖浆制药废水深度处理的试验研究

止咳精浆制药废水经生物接触氧化一体化废水处理装置处理后,其出水中COD、BOD和氨氮等主要污染物质均不能达标排放.在实验室中采用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对经一体化处理装置处理后的制药废水进行深度处理,在陶粒柱反应器选用粒径为1～2 mm的陶粒滤料,陶瓷膜反应器选用孔径为2～3/μm陶瓷膜的条件下对水样进行测试.废水经陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合处理后,其BOD、COD、SS和氨氮指标均可稳定达标排放.     

生物过滤法净化垃圾填埋场温室气体甲烷的研究进展

生物过滤法是一种低费用、无二次污染的减少垃圾填埋场温室气体甲烷排放的方式,是垃圾填埋气净化的一种很好的选择.介绍了净化垃圾填埋场甲烷的生物过滤器类型及甲烷氧化微生物,概述了生物过滤器氧化甲烷的影响因素、操作条件,并分析了其发展趋势.     

双滤料过滤技术在微粒径采出水处理中的研究与应用

对BQ油田联合站采出水处理工艺技术优化,由"重力沉降+核桃壳过滤+纤维球过滤"三级工艺简化为"重力沉降+双滤料过滤"两级工艺。优化后设备集成度更高,设计处理能力优化缩减20%,设备负载率提高13.5%;过滤器由12具减少至4具,设备数量减少67%;反洗周期,由12 h延长至48～72 h,降低了反洗能耗;反冲洗水量,由435 m~3/d降至120 m~3/d,减少72.4%;预计采出水处理系统能耗可由改造前的71.2×10~4 kW·h降低至63.5×10~4 kW·h。     

低压稳流过滤器的研制及在油田污水处理中的应用

为了解决大庆油田现有核桃壳、石英砂过滤器反冲洗憋压、跑料和滤料再生困难等问题,在对原有过滤装置分析的基础上,根据反冲洗特性,对过滤器进行了改造,开发出低压稳流核桃壳过滤器和低压稳流石英砂过滤器。经现场测试,核桃壳过滤器反冲洗压力由原来的0.15～0.5 MPa降低到0.03～0.08 MPa,石英砂过滤器反冲洗压力由原来的0.27～0.46 MPa降低到0.17～0.20 MPa,且均能实现罐群水反冲洗。改造后核桃壳过滤器出水油平均含量13.4 mg/L,平均去除率为78.1%;出水悬浮物平均含量20.5 mg/L,平均去除率为55%。改造后石英砂过滤器出水油平均含量5 mg/L以下,平均去除率达到75%以上;出水悬浮物平均含量为9.8 mg/L,去除率达到80%以上。为了进一步提高过滤效果,在二级滤前投加絮凝剂形成微絮凝过滤工艺,出水悬浮物可达到3 mg/L,通过两级过滤达到特低渗透地层回注水标准。     

减少城市汽车污染几招

<正>1.及时发现渗漏。汽车的润滑剂和其他液体的渗漏对空气的污染极大,因此应每天进行检查,及时发现并立即修复。2.防止车内空调器渗漏。每年应对车内空调器进行一次彻底的检查,这是预防氟里昂渗漏的最好方法。在不使用空调的季节,也应偶尔打开空调,这样有利于更好地密封和防止渗漏。3.使用清洁的过滤器。污秽的过滤器将迫使发动机燃烧更多的油料,从而     

国Ⅳ标准，绿色驾驶的过滤器

我国正逐步进入汽车社会的开始阶段,整个社会汽车保有量的激增,使得环保问题已被提升到国家可持续发展的高度上来,汽车企业将不可避免地需要重新审视企业社会责任的问题。 从今年3月1日起,北京市正式实施国Ⅳ燃油标准,并于奥运会之前提前实行国Ⅳ排放标准。伴随着新的环境政策的实施,各大汽车厂商也是采取了不同的应对措施。一时间国Ⅲ车型的退市、国Ⅳ新车的逐步推出等不同的市场策略也应声而出,将国Ⅳ炒得沸沸扬扬,令“国Ⅳ”成为年初谈论最多的话题之一。     

袋进袋出过滤器的特点与使用

介绍了袋进袋出过滤器的使用范围,基本组成以及特点,对比了袋进袋出过滤器与现有过滤设备在使用方面的优势。