生物转鼓过滤器反硝化去除NO过程中微生物群落结构多样性解析

采用PCR-DGGE技术分析了生物转鼓过滤器(RDB)反硝化去除NO过程中的微生物多样性.研究结果表明,RDB中存在16种优势菌,并且沿填料径向不同位置的DGGE图谱差异性不大,细菌群落结构具有较高相似性.通过DGGE图形比较和微生物群落生物多样性指数计算,发现在RDB内加入CuⅡ(EDTA)络合剂后,NO去除率上升,而微生物群落多样性先增加后又下降,但群落结构变化不显著.对DGGE图谱中8条主带进行回收、扩增、克隆和测序,结果显示RDB中微生物群落主要由Cytopahga-Flexibacteria-Bacteroides(CFB)group Bacteroides、β-Proteobacterium、γ-Proteobacterium和Clostridium sp.组成.反硝化功能与条带G-5(属于γ-Proteobacterium)和G-6、G-8(属于β-Proteobacterium)所代表的菌种相关,相似性≥98%.G-3序列与GenBank数据库中2个最相似序列的相似性只有93%和92%,表明这个条带所代表的微生物可能为新的未培养微生物.     

堆肥生物过滤器净化苯、甲苯混合废气的实验研究

选取木块和多孔塑料为填料,选择苯为VOCs代表,研究堆肥生物过滤器对高低浓度的苯生物降解性能。实验结果表明,（1) 以木块和多孔塑料为填料的堆肥生物过滤器对高、低浓度苯净化效率呈现降低后升高,最后再降低的过程,对高低浓度甲苯均呈现缓慢升高后降低的过程,高浓度苯的最大净化效率为90.5%和97.7%,甲苯的最大净化效率为71.34%和66.45%;（2) 以多孔塑料为填料的堆肥生物过滤器对高浓度苯具有较好的抗冲击性和抗负荷性,以木块为填料的堆肥生物过滤器对高浓度甲苯有更好的净化效果;（3) 堆肥生物过滤器对高低浓度苯、甲苯的平均净化率为68%和56%以上,低浓度苯和甲苯的平均去除能力分别为0.122和0.012 g/（m³·h）,最大去除能力为0.148和0.015 g/（m³·h）,而高浓度苯和甲苯的平均去除能力为0.94和0.11 g/（m³·h）,最大去除能力为1.32和0.135 g/（m³·h）。     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

微孔管过滤器出液结构及影响

本文分析了不同出液结构微孔管过滤器的优缺点,指出暗流上出液微孔管过滤器存在“穿透积累效应”引起的特定堵塞及其它缺点;介绍了一种可以减少堵塞、结构简单的新型暗流下出液微孔管过滤器。     

人工加速老化测试--氙灯试验箱

讨论两种常见的、不同类型、测试条件一致的氙灯试验箱。详述了其不同的配置对光谱、辐照度控制、过滤器类型、潮湿、湿度控制、温度控制和校准等的影响。阐述了样品安置、设备的维护保养等实际操作方面的问题以及老化测试标准。     

柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒物捕集装置的研究

研究了用γ-氧化铝涂覆后的蜂窝状堇青石做填料制成过滤器来捕集柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒物,对γ-氧化铝涂覆条件进行了优化,使用质量浓度测定系统测量了加装过滤器前后碳烟颗粒物的排放量.结果表明,80h内过滤器对碳烟颗粒物的过滤效率达60%～90%.      

核电厂凝结水精处理后置过滤器设置必要性分析

核电厂尤其是AP1000核电厂对二回路水质中的SO2-4控制非常严格,而精处理系统破碎树脂泄漏到二回路中高温分解是引起二回路SO2-4超标的一个重要原因。为了减少破碎树脂泄漏量,提出在精处理系统的混床后设置后置过滤器,并对后置过滤器设置的必要性进行了分析,为核电厂精处理系统的设计提供参考。     

刚度等效在地坑过滤器滞留篮抗震分析中的应用

目的对地坑过滤器滞留篮的过滤板进行刚度等效计算。方法应用能量法和各向异性法对地坑过滤器滞留篮的过滤板进行等效刚度计算。结果基于变形能相等的能量法得到的频率远大于地震反应谱的截止频率,该方法适用于滞留篮模型的工程要求。基于各向异性法得到的主频率与实际模型主频率相差14%,该方法同样适用于滞留篮的工程要求。结论2种方法均可满足工程要求,各向异性方法更接近实际模型。最终采用基于能量法的模型和各项异性刚度等效过滤板都取得了较好的效果。     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

混凝沉淀和机械过滤组合工艺处理含磷废水

利用二级混凝沉淀+机械过滤器法处理含磷废水,通过做pH、CaCl2的投加量对除磷处理效果影响的小试,确定混凝沉淀最佳条件为pH值为11和CaCl2投加量100mg/L.工程运行现状表明:该法处理磷化废水是可行的,出水能够达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准.