降酚微生物的分离

为了获得高效降酚优势菌种，以燕化集团公司污水厂的活性污泥为菌源、驯化、筛选和分离出3种以苯酚为惟一碳源和能源的高效降酚微生物。驯化采用好氧条件下一次性加入大剂量苯酚和定时逐渐中量的方法，3种优势菌初步鉴定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas)。通过温度、pH和NaCl浓度的三因素三水平的正交试验，3种优势菌在温度为30℃，NaCl浓度为0.3-0.9mol/L,pH为5－9的条件下生长良好。这些菌株的好氧生物降解研究结果表明，它们对酚具有良好的生物降解能力。     

水泥固定TiO2光催化降解苯酚水溶液的研究

以高压汞灯为光源。研究水泥固定TiO2在光反应器内光催化降解苯酚水溶液。通过正交试验，探讨了TiO2含量、初始溶液pH值，流速以及Fe3 浓度对光催化的影响。试验结果表明，在该固定床光催化反应器内，载体型TiO2对苯酚水溶液有明显的光解作用，最高光降率可以达到80％以上。在此基础上，提出了较为合理的处理工艺参数。另外，负载型光催化剂光照使用70h后，未见有TiO2脱落，且光催化活性无明显变化。这为制备负载型TiO2光催化剂提供了新的途径。     

电化学法处理高盐苯酚废水的研究

对在氯盐电解质中用电化学方法处理含酚废水进行了研究，着重探讨了盐的种类与浓度、反应温度与溶液：pH、电流密度、苯酚初始浓度及阴阳极转换频率对苯酚去除率的影响。在Na2SO4的浓度为0．2mol／L，NaCl的浓度为0．1mol／L、苯酚初始质量浓度为200mg／L、电流密度为0．04A／cm^2、温度为35℃、pH为12．5、阴阳极转换频率为5min/次及反应时间为200min的条件下，苯酚的去除率为99．5％，COD去除率为5％，CIO^-把苯酚氧化成了其他有机化合物。     

Optimization of enrichment processes of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water samples

The method of enriching PCP( pentachlorophenol ) from aquatic environment by solid phase extraction (SPE) was studied.Several factors affecting the recoveries of PCP, including sample pH, eluting solvent, eluting volume and flow rate of water sample, were optimized by orthogonal array design(OAD). The optimized results were sample pH 4; eluting solvent, 100% methanol; eluting solvent volume, 2 ml and flow rate of water sample, 4 ml/min. A comparison is made between SPE and liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) method. The recoveries of PCP were in the range of 87.6%-133.6% and 79%-120.3% for SPE and LLE, respectively. Important advantages of the SPE compared with the LLE include the short extraction time and reduced consumption of organic solvents. SPE can replace LLE for isolating and concentrating PCP from water samples.     

Kinetics study on catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol by several metal oxide catalysts

Four metal oxide catalysts composed of copper (Cu), stannum (Sn), copper-stannum (Cu-Sn) and copper-cerium(Cu-Ce) respectively were prepared by the co-impregnation method, and γ-alumina(γ-Al2O3 ) is selected as support. A first-order kinetics model was established to study the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol at different temperature when these catalysts were used. The model simulations are good agreement with present experimental data. Results showed that the reaction rate constants can be significantly increased when catalysts were used, and the catalyst of 6% Cu-10% Ce/γ-Al2 O3 showed the best catalytic activity. This is consistent witht he result of catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol and the COD removal can be arrived at 98.2% at temperature 210℃, oxygen partial pressure 3 MPa and reaction time 30 rain. The activation energies of each reaction with different catalysts are nearly equal, which is found to be about 42 kJ/mol and the reaction in this study is proved to be kinetics control.     

抗生素对海洋厌氧氨氧化菌处理海产养殖废水的短期冲击及脱氮动力学

为解决海产养殖废水中含有的高浓度盐分及多种抗生素对生物脱氮系统稳定性的冲击,研究了3种抗生素(恩诺沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑)短期冲击下,海洋厌氧氨氧化菌(MAB)处理海产养殖废水(盐度3.5％)时的脱氮抑制特性.结果表明:当抗生素质量浓度为250 mg·L-1时,首先观察到土霉素对MAB活性的明显抑制,总氮去除负荷从1...     

超声波强化内电解对对-硝基苯酚的处理

讨论了超声波与内电解处理的可行性。优化超声波、内电解和两者联用的条件,利用常用流程处理10mg/L模拟废水对-硝基苯酚的降解率超过96%,达到国家排放标准和相关行业标准。分析了超声波对内电解强化作用的动力学过程和机理,提出存在的问题和进一步研究的方向。     

靛红褪色光度法测定废水中苯酚

基于KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,痕量苯酚对高碘酸钾氧化靛红反应有催化作用,建立了测定废水中苯酚的催化动力学方法.优化了试验条件,讨论了缓冲溶液酸度、试剂体积、加热时间和反应温度对试验的影响.方法在0.08 mg/L～2.0 mg/L线性关系良好,检出限为5.3×10-3 mg/L,加标回收率为97.6%～103%,实际样品测定结果与4-氨基安替比林法对照,结果令人满意.     

Mn-Ce/C-Al2O3催化剂制备及其处理含苯酚废水研究

将碳材料与Al_2O_3作为催化剂载体的优势互补,将碳包裹在Al_2O_3外侧,开发了新型MnCe/C-Al_2O_3催化剂,探究了制备参数对模拟含苯酚焦化废水中有机物降解的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明:经6%葡萄糖溶液碳负载后,催化剂比表面积增加26.36%;锰的负载提供Lewis酸点并促进了臭氧活化为·OH过程,铈提升了锰的催化效果,在锰铈比为4∶1、450℃条件下烘焙4小时,催化剂对COD、TOC和UV_(254)的降解率可达85.52%、86.06%和90.96%;催化剂在10次降解实验中对COD的去除效果都较为稳定,均值为77.5%,Mn-Ce/C-Al_2O_3催化剂兼具良好的催化活性和稳定性。     

Pb(NO3)2与CPC共存对沉积物吸附对硝基苯酚的影响

选取Pb(NO3)2、氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、对硝基苯酚为代表污染物,试验了重金属与表面活性剂共存对有机物在沉积物上吸附行为的影响.结果表明:Pb(NO3)2的存在减弱了CPC的增强吸附效应,Pb(NO3)2和CPC共存对对硝基苯酚的吸附产生拮抗效应.在固定CPC初始浓度不变的情况下,拮抗效应随Pb(NO3)2初始浓度增大而加强.同时,拮抗效应也取决于CPC的浓度.当CPC初始浓度小于3 000mg/L(平衡浓度低于临界胶束浓度CMC)时,这种拮抗效应尤为明显;随着表面活性剂浓度的继续增加,拮抗效应减弱,并逐渐趋向于CPC的独立效应机理探讨表明,共存体系中,Pb2 与CPC在同一吸附点位不存在竞争吸附.