靛红褪色光度法测定废水中苯酚

基于KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,痕量苯酚对高碘酸钾氧化靛红反应有催化作用,建立了测定废水中苯酚的催化动力学方法.优化了试验条件,讨论了缓冲溶液酸度、试剂体积、加热时间和反应温度对试验的影响.方法在0.08 mg/L～2.0 mg/L线性关系良好,检出限为5.3×10-3 mg/L,加标回收率为97.6%～103%,实际样品测定结果与4-氨基安替比林法对照,结果令人满意.     

Pb(NO3)2与CPC共存对沉积物吸附对硝基苯酚的影响

选取Pb(NO3)2、氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、对硝基苯酚为代表污染物,试验了重金属与表面活性剂共存对有机物在沉积物上吸附行为的影响.结果表明:Pb(NO3)2的存在减弱了CPC的增强吸附效应,Pb(NO3)2和CPC共存对对硝基苯酚的吸附产生拮抗效应.在固定CPC初始浓度不变的情况下,拮抗效应随Pb(NO3)2初始浓度增大而加强.同时,拮抗效应也取决于CPC的浓度.当CPC初始浓度小于3 000mg/L(平衡浓度低于临界胶束浓度CMC)时,这种拮抗效应尤为明显;随着表面活性剂浓度的继续增加,拮抗效应减弱,并逐渐趋向于CPC的独立效应机理探讨表明,共存体系中,Pb2 与CPC在同一吸附点位不存在竞争吸附.     

超声波强化内电解对对-硝基苯酚的处理

讨论了超声波与内电解处理的可行性。优化超声波、内电解和两者联用的条件,利用常用流程处理10mg/L模拟废水对-硝基苯酚的降解率超过96%,达到国家排放标准和相关行业标准。分析了超声波对内电解强化作用的动力学过程和机理,提出存在的问题和进一步研究的方向。     

Mn-Ce/C-Al2O3催化剂制备及其处理含苯酚废水研究

将碳材料与Al_2O_3作为催化剂载体的优势互补,将碳包裹在Al_2O_3外侧,开发了新型MnCe/C-Al_2O_3催化剂,探究了制备参数对模拟含苯酚焦化废水中有机物降解的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明:经6%葡萄糖溶液碳负载后,催化剂比表面积增加26.36%;锰的负载提供Lewis酸点并促进了臭氧活化为·OH过程,铈提升了锰的催化效果,在锰铈比为4∶1、450℃条件下烘焙4小时,催化剂对COD、TOC和UV_(254)的降解率可达85.52%、86.06%和90.96%;催化剂在10次降解实验中对COD的去除效果都较为稳定,均值为77.5%,Mn-Ce/C-Al_2O_3催化剂兼具良好的催化活性和稳定性。     

Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge

The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent （POME） sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800%, and physical activation at 150% （boiling treatment）. A control （raw POME sludge） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon （POME 800） in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values ofpH （2--3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200--300 mg/L）, The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo-first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.     

壳聚糖负载磁性纳米零价铜的制备及其催化还原活性

以壳聚糖-铁(Ⅱ)-铜(Ⅱ)络合物为前驱体,通过水热法制备了壳聚糖负载磁性纳米零价铜(mZVC/CS)材料,并将其用于催化NaBH4还原水中4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)及亚甲基蓝(MB).XRD、XPS、SEM和TEM表征结果显示,所制备的mZVC/CS材料主要由CS负载的Fe3O4及Cu0纳米颗粒组成.实验结果表明:在污...     

碘甲磺隆钠盐在土壤中的降解

采用实验室模拟试验研究了微生物及不同环境条件对土壤中碘甲磺隆钠盐降解的影响。结果表明,微生物对土壤中碘甲磺隆钠盐的降解影响甚为明显;碘甲磺隆钠盐降解速率与土壤温度、湿度及葡萄糖含量呈正相关,与该农药初始用量呈负相关。     

84消毒剂对活性污泥降酚效能的影响

针对序批式活性污泥工艺(SBR),分析了84消毒剂对含酚废水处理效能的影响,确定了浓度阈值,通过毒理学特性及胞外聚合物(EPS)变化分析了84消毒液的毒性机制。结果表明：当浓度小于2 mg/L时,84消毒剂提高了脱氢酶(DHA)及苯酚降解酶活性并促进ATP产生,EPS中的蛋白质(PN)和多糖(PS)的含量随84消毒剂浓度升高而降低;当浓度大于2 mg/L时,相关酶活性降低并抑制ATP产生,活性氧(ROS)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、PN、PS的含量升高。