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无论人类中心论还是自然中心论,所建构的人与自然关系图景都属于等级尊卑的主奴关系,一方为主,另一方为辅,这都不是人与自然的本真关系。马克思自然观的核心思想是人与自然是一个本质统一的整体,不可分割,这内在地蕴涵着人与自然拥有平等的价值地位。同时,人与自然也拥有平等的权利义务并公平交换其权利义务;人必然要消费自然资源.也必须供养环境;自然承担着养育人类的义务,也享有被人类保护的权利。 相似文献
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不同溶剂提取芦竹化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
研究并比较了3种极性不同的有机溶剂(甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷)提取的芦竹(Arundo donax Linn.)化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.通过跟踪观察藻细胞形态,测定藻细胞密度和细胞大小,发现3种溶剂提取物对铜绿微囊藻均有抑制作用.抑藻作用出现早晚次序:甲醇提取物<乙酸乙酯提取物<正己烷提取物.随作用时间的延长,投加低浓度甲醇提取物藻细胞生长恢复明显,高浓度抑藻效果较乙酸乙酯提取物及正己烷提取物弱.高浓度乙酸乙酯提取物、正己烷提取物在分别作用2 d、 4 d 后,抑藻效果均接近100%.各溶剂提取物的半效应质量浓度(EC50,6 d)分别为甲醇提取物0.17 g·L-1,乙酸乙酯提取物0.05 g·L-1,正己烷提取物0.08 g·L-1.研究同时发现,投加甲醇提取物藻细胞空洞化,投加乙酸乙酯提取物藻细胞空洞化、破碎以及部分抱团,投加正己烷提取物藻细胞出现褶皱及聚团现象.各溶剂提取物均引起铜绿微囊藻细胞体积减小,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的效果最强. 相似文献
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Co-transport of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in soils induced
by excessive phosphorus applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To evaluate the e ects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy
metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammonium phosphate at application rates of 0, 25, 50,
100, 250, and 500 mg P per kilogram of soil. A series of 15-cm long soil columns were constructed by packing incubated soils of
varying concentrations of P. The soil columns were consecutively leached by simulated rainfalls for six cycles. The contents of water
extractable organic carbon in both sandy and loamy soils increased significantly with increasing rates of P applications. Relatively
high rates of P applications could induce a marked increase in DOM concentrations in the leachates, the e ects were larger with the
sandy soil rather than with the loamy soil. Applications of P changed the partitioning of trace metals in the soil solids and the soil
solutions. The increased P application rates also seemed to elevate the leaching of Cu, Cd, and Zn from soils. The concentrations of
Cu, Cd, and Zn in the leachates were positively correlated with DOM, probably due to the formation of metal-DOM complexes. In
contrast, Pb concentrations in the leachates were negatively correlated with DOM, and decreased with increasing rates of P applications.
The boosted leaching of DOM induced by high rates of P applications was probably due to the added phosphate ions competing for
adsorption sites in the soil solids with the indigenous DOM. 相似文献
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红外分光光度法测定水和废水中油类的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对红外分光光度法测定水和废水中的油类的萃取和吸附操作进行了改进。结果表明,该方法的精密度和准确度能达到国家标准的要求,且操作更加方便、快捷,可以应用于日常环境监测分析。 相似文献
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萜类物质主要以挥发油的形式广泛存在于高等植物中,尤以菊科植物含量丰富。萜类是天然物质中种类最多的一类,按结构可分为单萜、双萜、倍半萜、三萜及多萜等,是第二大类化感物质,尤其是单萜和倍半萜化感活性很强。萜类化感物质合成后大多通过植物体挥发或根系分泌等途径进入土壤,从而影响自身及邻近植物的生长。植物体中萜类物质化感作用已成为近年来国内外研究的热点。文章从萜类物质在植物中的分布、积累特点、释放途径及影响因素等方面进行了系统论述,分析了萜类对植物化感作用的机理及特点,总结了近年来该领域所取得的研究成果。文章认为萜类物质具有独特的化感活性,往往在较低的浓度即能表现出很强的抑制作用,影响其释放的内外因素较多,而且因其种类繁多化感作用机制也较复杂。最后指出了萜类物质化感作用研究中存在的关键问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,希望研究者能进一步创新萜类化感物质的收集方法,关注土壤及空气等媒介对萜类物质化感活性的影响,采用多学科交叉的手段深入探索萜类物质的化感机理。 相似文献
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Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in sediments plays an important role in transference and transformation of aquatic pollutants. This article investigated the inherent mechanisms of how sediemnt grain size affect the partitioning coeffcient (k) of WSOC. Influences of NaOH extracted humic substances were particularly focused on. Sediments were sampled from two cross-sections of the middle Yellow River and sieved into three size fractions (< 63 μm, 63-100 μm, and 100--300 μm). The total concentration of WSOC in sediments (CWSOC) and k were estimated using multiple water-sediment ratio experiments. Results show that CWSOC ranges from 0.012 to 0.022 mg/g, while k ranges from 0.8 to 3.9 L/kg. Correlations between the spectrum characteristics of NaOH extracted humic substances and k were analyzed. Strong positive correlations are determined between k and the aromaticity indicators of NaOH extracted humic substances in different sediment size fractions. Comparing with finer fractions (< 63 μm), k is higher in larger size fractions (63--100 and 100--300 μm) related to higher aromaticity degree of NaOH extracted humic substances mostly. While negative relationship between k and the area ratio of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 3400 and 1430 cm-1 implied that the lowest k was related to the highest concentration of the acidic humic groups in particles < 63 μm. WSOC in finer fractions (< 63 μm) is likely to enter into pore water, which may further accelerate the transportation of aquatic contaminants from sediment to water. 相似文献