A novel acidophile community populating waste ore deposits at an acid mine drainage site

Waste ore samples （pH 3.0） were collected at an acid mine drainage （AMD） site in Anhui, China. The present acidophillc microbial community in the waste ore was studied with 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. Eighteen different clones were identified and affiliated withActinobacteria, low G ＋ C Gram-positives, Thermomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, candidate division TM7, and Planctomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a diversity of acidophiles in the samples that were mostly novel. It is unexpected that the moderately thermophilic acidophiles were abundant in the acidic ecosystem and may play a great role in the generation of AMD. The result of DGGE was consistent with that of clone library analysis. These findings help in the better understanding of the generation mechanism of AMD and in developing a more efficient method to control AMD.     

酸性过硫酸钾氧化-水浴消解测定水中总铬之探讨

对酸性过硫酸钾氧化-水浴消解测定水中总铬进行了探讨,结果表明：当过硫酸钾的加入量为1 mL,水浴消解20 min时,显色化合物在室温(25℃)显色10 min时,溶液吸光度达最大值。在此条件下制作的校准曲线的相关性、截距和斜率均符合质控要求,检出限为0.006 mg/L,精密度RSD≤4.99%,加标回收率为90.0%～105%,满足监测方法要求。     

矿山酸性废水治理技术及其发展趋势

矿山酸性废水在很多国家和地区都造成了严重的环境污染。本文分析矿山酸性废水的成因、特点及危害,并总结了中和法、硫化法和微生物法等经济、实用的酸性矿山废水处理技术现状,并进一步阐述了酸性矿山废水治理技术的发展趋势。     

磷酸铁膜对黄铁矿氧化动力学行为的影响

用动态法研究了不同温度ＰＨ值和Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度下,对照和经ＫＨ２ＰＯ４处理的黄铁矿氧化反应的动力学。结果表明,用０．１ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１Ｈ２Ｏ２＋０．０１ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４混合液淋洗黄铁矿后,黄铁矿表面可形成磷酸铁膜。     

Mobility and speciation of Cd,Cu,and Zn in two acidic soils affected by simulated acid rain

Through a batch experiment, the mobility and speciation of heavy metals(Cd, Cu, Zn) in two acidic forest soils from Hunan Province were studied. The results showed that the release and potential active speciation of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the tested contaminated red soil(CRS) and yellow red soil(CYRS) increased significantly with pH decreasing and ion concentrations increasing of simulated acid rain, and these effects were mainly decided by the pH value of simulated acid rain. Cd had the highest potential nsk on the environment compared with Cu and Zn. Cd existed mainly in exchangeable form in residual CRS and CYRS, Cu in organically bound and Mn-oxide occluded forms, and Zn in mineral forms due to the high background values.     

CO2对A. ferrooxidans活性和次生铁矿物形成的影响

通过摇瓶试验模拟富铁富硫酸盐环境,研究了在0.03%(空气中CO₂含量),3%,6%,9%和12%浓度的CO₂条件下对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans活性及次生铁矿物形成的影响,并分析了pH值,Fe²⁺氧化率及氧化速率,总Fe沉淀率以及次生铁矿物矿相等相关指标.结果表明,CO₂浓度为3%时,菌氧化Fe²⁺能力最强,72h时Fe²⁺氧化率达到100%,试验结束时总Fe沉淀率最高,为42.8%.随着CO₂浓度增加,各体系A. ferrooxidans活性受到抑制.不同CO₂浓度体系最终获得矿物均为黄铁矾类矿物混合少量施氏矿物.适当提高CO₂浓度,有助于提高A. ferrooxidans活性,并促进水解成矿增加矿物产量.本研究为酸性矿山废水的治理提供理论依据.     

酸性气田环保型溶硫剂的溶硫性能和腐蚀行为研究

某酸性气田开发过程中发生了严重的硫沉积及堵塞问题,红外光谱分析表明,该气田沉积的硫黄中还含有碳酸盐、硫酸盐、含硫有机化合物、水等成分。为治理该气田硫堵问题,研发并优选了高效环保型溶硫剂(A-1溶硫剂)。在45℃、常压、1 000 r/min搅拌条件下,对比研究了A-1和J-1两种溶硫剂在不同液固比(5∶1和20∶1)时对标样硫块的溶硫率和溶硫速度,以及硫块直径对A-1溶硫剂溶硫性能的影响。结果表明：A-1溶硫剂的起始溶硫速度更快,4 h内对标样硫块的溶硫率接近40%,增加溶硫剂用量可显著加快溶硫进程;A-1溶硫剂对直径2.0 cm的硫块,10 h内溶硫率超过80%,对更小粒度的硫块溶解效率更高。另外,在45℃、常压、持续通入CO₂条件下,通过失重及电化学方法研究了A-1溶硫剂对N80、L360和A333Gr6钢的腐蚀性。结果表明：3种钢在A-1溶硫剂中未发生明显腐蚀现象,腐蚀速率低于0.04 mm/a,未出现局部腐蚀或小孔腐蚀。     

我国低纬度、亚热带地区的降水化学及其雨水酸化趋势分析

在世界上酸沉降研究尚为空白的低纬度、亚热带地区建立了酸沉降监测网。通过两年的监测,结果表明降水中酸度和离子总浓度季节变化明显,Ca2+和NH在降水离子构成中占百分率较高,阳离子总和略大于阴离子总和。两广地区降水酸度是雨水中多种阴、阳离子综合作用的结果,降水中SO浓度高的地区是SO₂排放量高的地区,控制雨水逐年酸化趋势的唯一途径是限制SO₂排放。      

电生成Fenton试剂处理染料废水

对电生成Fenton试剂处理酸性铬兰K染料废水进行了研究。采用石墨作阴、阳极,电解过程中向阴极表面通纯氧,并在废水中加入-定量的Fe2+,氧在阴极上还原生成H2O2,H2O2又产生强氧化剂·OH,进而对酸性铬兰K染料废水进行脱色降解。在槽电压为6 V、pH为2.5、电解液中FeSO4·7H2O的质量浓度为0.5 g／dm3、Na2SO4的质量浓度为20 g／dm3的条件下电解废水60 min,染料废水脱色率和COD去除率分别达74.1％和57.9％,电解废水120min后,染料废水脱色率和COD去除率分别达92.9％、71.3％。动力学研究表明,染料的降解符合一级动力学过程,速率常数k为0.02224 min-1。     

Ti/PbO2电极与Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5电极催化体系降解酸性大红染料废水的比较研究

为比较Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系降解酸性大红(GR)染料废水的处理效果,并确定体系最佳工艺参数。分别对Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系内初始pH、染料初始浓度、电流密度、电解质浓度对GR染料降解率的影响进行了探索,比较工艺参数优化后两催化体系的GR降解率、电极形貌及TOC去除率。结果表明,工艺参数优化后(初始pH 6.38,染料初始浓度100 mg/L,电流密度50 mA/cm²,电解质浓度0.1 mg/L),Ti/PbO₂电极和Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O₅电极催化体系GR去除率分别可达98.3%和61.1%,TOC去除率为25.4%和13.5%;结合电极表面形貌分析,Ti/IrO₂+Ta₂O_5<...