Fe/Si/Al分子印迹材料的制备及其对酸性橙II(AOII)的选择吸附性能

以Fe/Si凝胶作为基底,酸性橙II(AOII)为模板分子,引入Al3+形成Lewis酸识别位点,制备全无机型Fe/Si/Al分子印迹型材料(MIPs),通过SEM、XRD、BET、FT-IR等对其进行表征,并研究了其对AOII的选择吸附性能.研究结果表明,与同具有苯环结构的干扰物双酚A(BPA)相比,MIPs对AOII的吸附能力明显高于BPA,说明其对模板分子具有吸附选择性.此外,MIPs对AOII的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二级吸附动力学方程,且主要为化学吸附.     

铜陵相思河流域重金属分布特征研究

以安徽铜陵相思河流域为例,研究金属矿山开采活动区重金属的分布特征.在该流域分别采集了采矿废石、土壤、水系沉积物及地表水样品,测试了其中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量,实验并计算了采矿废石产生矿山酸性排水的可能性,采用改进的Fǒrtsner 5步逐级提取法分析了采矿废石中Pb和Cr的赋存形态,进而总结了各类样品中重金属元素的分布特征,探讨了矿山开采活动区重金属的生态危害.研究表明,铜陵相思河流域上游凤凰山铜矿的采矿废石较少或不产生矿山酸性排水,而中游新桥硫铁矿的采矿废石会产生矿山酸性排水,缘于前者富含重金属元素的硫化物矿物含量较低而CaO含量较高.采矿废石中重金属元素含量一般较高,且其中还原态含量与之呈正相关关系,表明采矿废石中的重金属元素极易溶解于矿山酸性排水中而迁移至矿山周围环境.相思河流域土壤、水系沉积物和水体中的重金属分布具有明显的规律性,上游地区重金属元素含量较低,没有超过相应的国家污染标准和元素背景值,而中游地区重金属元素含量均较高,有明显的重金属污染,反映中游地区新桥硫铁矿的采矿活动对采矿区周边环境有一定的生态危害,矿山企业应重视采矿废石的排放及酸性矿山排水的处置.     

稀土工业酸性含氟废水处理研究

采用实验室规模的化学混凝沉淀法处理某稀土湿法冶炼厂酸性含氟废水。研究结果表明,当石灰－氯化钙－聚合氯化铝－聚丙烯酰胺联合投加,中和悬浊液中Ca2+∶F￣－≥8∶1,pH值在7～8,搅拌反应30min时,能一次性将含F￣－700～1000mg/L废水降至10mg/L以下。试验结果为该废水的达标处理报供了科学依据,并在工程设计中应用。     

广州城区秋季大气PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性无机离子分析

分别在广州市中心城区高楼顶(距地50m)和交通干线路边(距地1.2m),于2006年秋季连续一周采集了大气PM2.5样品,对比分析了SO42-、NO3-、Cl-、F-、Na+、NH4+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+等9种水溶性无机离子含量。结果表明,楼顶相对充分混合大气中PM2.5的质量浓度范围59.5～129.5μg/m3,均值为83.7μg/m3;交通干线路边大气PM2.5的质量浓度范围为108.4～132.2μg/m3,均值为121.1μg/m3。9种离子总浓度平均达到50.9(楼顶)和44.1(路边)μg/m3,占PM2.5质量浓度的60.8%(楼顶)和36.4%(路边)。SO42-和NO3-为水溶性无机离子主要组成,其占PM2.5质量浓度的比例均是楼顶高于路边,显示二次气溶胶对楼顶充分混合大气中PM2.5有较大贡献,而路边样品中一次来源贡献相对较大。计算表明采样期间海盐对广州大气PM2.5中的水溶性组分贡献较小。NH4+当量浓度远小于SO42-和NO3-的当量浓度,中和度远1,反映PM2.5酸性较强,且楼项PM2.5粒子酸性高于路边样品。     

P.phragmitetus发酵条件优化及其所产絮凝剂的应用研究

在LB培养基的基础上,对P.phragmitetus的生长特性进行研究,发现P.phragmitetus所产絮凝剂的表达与菌体呈正相关,且倾向于在碱性条件(pH=7.5)下生长和产生絮凝剂。选择察氏培养基为基础发酵培养基,发现P.phragmitetus产絮凝剂最佳碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨,最适碳氮比为4∶1。以该菌所产絮凝剂粗品和脱色剂双氰胺甲醛树脂对模拟的活性染料废水进行联合处理。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂投加量为40μg/mL,脱色剂用量为100μg/mL时,脱色率达到90%。相对于传统化学处理工艺,该联合处理工艺所需脱色剂和絮凝剂用量都更少。     

北京中关村地区气溶胶的酸性测量

为了研究大气气溶胶的酸性及其粒径分布,笔者利用自制环状扩散管和三级撞击式组合采样器采样,ｐＨ测量和傅利叶红外光谱技术测量相结合,于１９９４处冬季至１９９５年冬季在北京中关村地区进行了采样分析。结果表明,北京中关村地区气溶胶存在酸性组成,且酸性主要分布于粒径１．５μｍ以下的细粒子中,测得的细粒子最大酸度为５６．６ｎｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－３,各冬季１９９４年冬季和１９９５年夏季气溶胶酸性较强,日平均一般在５ｍ     

汞在酸性紫色水稻土的转化与水稻汞富集特征

采用盆栽模拟试验,对汞(Hg)及甲基汞(MeHg)在酸性紫色水稻土中不同水稻生长期的动态变化进行了研究,并分析对比了总汞(THg)和MeHg在水稻体中的富集特征.结果表明:在水稻生长期间,土壤总汞含量变化较小,MeHg含量随时间增加而增加,土壤MeHg/THg值的变化趋势和土壤中MeHg含量变化一致.完熟期THg在水稻中植株的分布状况为:根籽粒茎叶穗壳,MeHg的分布为:籽粒根茎叶穗壳.水稻植株中MeHg/THg均值为24.03%,大于土壤均值3.05%,说明水稻植株中具有较强的MeHg累积能力.在水稻生长周期内,水稻体内MeHg富集系数均值为8.16,远大于THg富集系数的均值2.31,且籽粒中的MeHg富集系数大于根、茎、叶,说明水稻对MeHg的富集能力强于THg,且籽粒更易于富集MeHg.水稻体内的MeHg的转移系数大于THg,且籽粒中MeHg的转移系数大于1,进一步说明MeHg比THg更易在水稻体内转移.     

Effect of alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the growth of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae)

We collected the diseased blades of Larninaria japonica from Yantai Sea Farm from October to December 2002, and the alginic acid decomposing bacterium on the diseased blade was isolated and purified, and was identified as A lteromonas espejiana. This bacterium was applied as the causative pathogen to infect the blades of L. japonica under laboratory conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the bacterium on the growth of L. japonica, and to find the possibly effective mechanism. Results showed that： （1）The blades of L.japonica exhibited symptoms of lesion,bleaching and deteriortion when infected by the bacterium. and their growth and photosynthesis were dramatically suppressed. At the same time, the reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation enhanced obviously, and the relative membrane permeability increased significantly. The contents of malonaldehyde （MDA） and free fatty acid in the microsomol membrane greatly elevated, but the phospholipid content decreased. Result suggested an obvious peroxidation and deesterrification in the blades of L. japonica when infected by the bacterium. （2） The simultaneous assay on the antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated that superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） increased greatly when infected by the bacterium, but glutathione peroxidase （Gpx） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） did not exhibit active responses to the bacterium throughout the experiment. （3） The histomorphological observations gave a distinctive evidence of the severity of the lesions as well as the relative abundance in the bacterial population on the blades after infection. The bacterium firstly invaded into the endodermis of L. japonica and gathered around there, and then resulted in the membrane damage, cells corruption and ultimately, the death of L. japonica.     

Mineral materials as feasible amendments to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils

Four minerals, agricultural limestone (AL), rock phosphate (RP), palygorskite (PG), and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), were evaluated by means of chemical fractions of heavy metals in soils and concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from columns to determine their ability to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils. Two urban soils (calcareous soil and acidic soil) polluted with cadmium, copper, zinc and lead were selected and amended in the laboratory with the mineral materials) for 12 months. Results indicated that application of the mineral materials reduced exchangeable metals in the sequence of Pb, Cd > Cu > Zn. The reduction of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in the soils amended with di erent mineral materials followed the sequence of CMP, PG > AL > RP. Reductions of heavy metals leached were based on comparison with cumulative totals of heavy metals eluted through 12 pore volumes from an untreated soil. The reductions of the metals eluted from the calcareous soil amended with the RP, AL, PG and CMP were 1.98%, 38.89%, 64.81% and 75.93% for Cd, 8.51%, 40.42%, 60.64% and 55.32% for Cu, 1.76%, 52.94%, 70.00% and 74.12% for Pb, and 28.42%, 52.74%, 64.38% and 49.66% for Zn. Those from the acidic soil amended with the CMP, PG, AL, and RP were 25.65%, 68.06%, 78.01% and 79.06% for Cd, 26.56%, 49.64%, 43.40% and 34.68% for Cu, 44.44%, 33.32%, 61.11% and 69.44% for Pb, and 18.46%, 43.77%, 41.98% and 40.68% for Zn. The CMP and PG treatments were superior to the AL and RP for stabilizing heavy metals in the polluted urban soils.     

Involvements of chloride ion in decolorization of Acid Orange 7 by activated peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation

The effects of Cl^- on the decolorization of AO7 by SO₄^·- based-peroxydisulfate or peroxymonosulfate oxidation under various activated conditions were different.