高原环境对大功率柴油机起动过程影响研究

目的研究高原环境对大功率柴油机起动过程影响规律。方法针对平原和高原地区某12缸柴油机进行实车起动试验,对两种环境下柴油机起动过程转速与缸压数据进行分析,对比两种环境起动过程滞燃期变化规律,同时对两种环境起动过程喷雾特性进行仿真计算。结果发现在高原环境起动过程加速阶段更易出现滞速,甚至失火现象,两种环境下起动过程中以时间计滞燃期均在加速阶段快速下降,在过渡阶段下降平缓,在同一时刻高原环境滞燃期更大,且波动更大,最大可达0.9 ms。喷雾过程仿真结果发现,高原环境起动过程喷雾贯穿距发展更快,油束重心更接近燃烧室壁面。结论高原环境使得柴油机起动过程喷雾贯穿距增大,油束碰壁导致混合气形成质量变差,滞燃期变长,最终导致高原环境下起动过程出现滞速甚至失火等现象。     

高原环境对车用柴油机的影响分析及对策

总结了高原地区环境特点,全面深入分析了高原环境对车用柴油机的影响。通过特种车辆高原适应性分析,发现加速特性和爬坡性能是制约车辆高原适应性好坏的最主要因素。特别针对柴油机的加速特性和扭矩特性曲线进行研究,并提出了相关技术措施,为研究进一步提高柴油机高原环境适应性提供了思路。     

缸内漏气对柴油机性能影响研究

目的研究柴油机缸内漏气状况对柴油机动力输出性能的影响。方法针对150 mm缸径单缸柴油机,采用加装模拟漏气装置以及在GT-suit中建立模拟漏气的单缸机工作过程仿真模型的方式,研究不同漏气面积开度对单缸柴油机缸内最大爆发压力、功率以及有效比油耗的影响。结果在同一工况下,随着模拟漏气装置开度的增加,单缸机的最大爆发压力的最大降幅为7.22%,功率的最大降幅为7.02%,燃油消耗率的最大增幅为5.70%。结论在同一工况下,随着模拟漏气装置开度的增加,单缸柴油机的缸内最大爆发压力和功率随之显著下降,有效比油耗上升。     

网电替代柴油机节能技术在石油钻井队的应用

石油钻井队通常野外施工,施工过程中主要应用大功率柴油机作为动力设备,近年来随着油价的日益飙升钻井成本也日益增高,在这种形势下一种新的节能降耗诞生了电动机替代柴油机技术,将电网的电力输送到钻井队施工现场,经变压后输送给电动机,应用电动机替代柴油机作为动力设备.渤海钻探第三钻井公司率先在玉门油田施工的50202钻井队实施动力设备“电代油”工程,通过实际应用,证明网电替代柴油机节能技术不仅具有节约能源、降低成本、保护环境,碳排放小、噪音小等优点,而且完全可以满足钻井队正常生产的需求.     

Ce-TiO_2/ACF型催化剂低温降解柴油机醛酮的研究

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备负载于活性炭纤维的Ce掺杂TiO2催化剂工艺流程;利用TiO2光催化和ACF吸附的协调技术,分析了表征参数、Ce掺杂量、煅烧条件、光照条件、负载次数和重复使用性等因素对降解醛酮污染物的影响。采用液相色谱技术,对生物柴油发动机尾气中的醛酮污染物进行了采样和分析。结果表明:Ce与TiO2的最佳物质的量比为0.25,最佳煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为4.0 h,醛酮最大降解效率为90%,优化后的Ce-TiO2/ACF型催化剂光催化性能好,具有较强的低温降解生物柴油发动机尾气中醛酮污染物的能力。     

非道路移动机械用柴油机污染物排放试验颗粒物排放测量不确定度分析

测量过程容易受到多种因素的影响,使得测量结果与实际情况之间存在一定的误差,从而影响后续分析、实验的精确度。因此,在完成某项实验的结果测量之后,需要综合考虑测量过程中的影响因素,在不同的实验室进行结果对比,测量结果的不确定度分析主要取决于各实验室测量出来的结果否处于合理范围内。本文对非道路移动机械用柴油机污染物排放试验中的颗粒物排放测量的不确定度进行分析。     

Preparation and emission characteristics of ethanol-diesel fuel blends

The preparation of ethanol-diesel fuel blends and their emission characteristics were investigated. Results showed the absolute ethanol can dissolve in diesel fuel at an arbitrary ratio and a small quantity of water(0.2% ) addition can lead to the phase separation of blends. An organic additive was synthesized and it can develop the ability of resistance to water and maintain the stability of ethanol-diesel-trace amounts of water system. The emission characteristics of 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol-diesel fuel blends, with or without additives, were compared with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection(DI) diesel engine. The experimental results indicated that the blend of ethanol with diesel fuel significantly reduced the concentrations of smoke, hydrocarbon(HC), and carbon monoxide(CO) in exhaust gas. Using 20% ethanol-diesel fuel blend with the additive of 2% of the total volume, the optimum mixing ratio was achieved, at which the bench diesel engine testing showed a significant decrease in exhaust gas. Bosch smoke number was reduced by 55%, HC emission by 70%, and CO emission by 45%, at 13 kW/1540 r/min. However, ethanol-diesel fuel blends produced a few ppm acetaldehydes and more ethanol in exhaust gas.     

三部委联合举办促进低排放柴油机发展政策高层论坛

国家环境保护总局和国家发展改革委、科技部在海南三亚联合举办“促进低排放柴油机发展政策高层论坛”。王玉庆副局长出席会议,并做题为《创造良好政策环境 促进清洁柴油和低排放柴油车发展》的讲话;国务院有关部门、北京市和上海市环保局等单位的代表就促进低排放柴油机发展政策问题做了发言;     

Determination of arsenic in air particulates and diesel exhaust particulates by spectrophotometry

A method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic by spectrophotometry. The proposed method is rapid, simple,and inexpensive. This method can be used for sensitive determination of trace arsenic in environmental samples and especially in air particulates. The results obtained by this method as a proposed method were compared with those obtained by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as a popular reported method for the determination of arsenic and an excellent agreement was found between them. The method was also used for determination of arsenic associated with airborne particulate matter and diesel exhaust particulates.The results showed that considerable amount of arsenic are associated with diesel engine particulates. The variation in concentration of arsenic was also investigated. The atmospheric concentration of arsenic was different in different sampling stations was dependent to the traffic density.