汞铬砷元素污染土壤的酶监测研究

对西安污灌区和杨凌清灌区土样７种酶生进行了测定，结果显示：污灌土样中重金属含量较高；土壤理化性质的差异反映出土壤对酶保护能力和对重金属缓冲容量的大小，因而不同土壤酶对重金属的敏感性随土样理化性质有明显差别；酶活性由于是土样理化性质和重金属共同作用的结果，因而较好地表现了土壤的污染状况；主成分分析表明，总体酶活性值可表征土样的污染状况，采用酶活性构筑的土壤信息系统Ｉ能简便、快速、准确的反映土壤的污染     

应用地质累积指数评价攀枝花地区土壤重金属污染

应用地质累积指数对攀枝花地区昔格达组粘土中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明，各重金属元素污染较严重的地区分布在宝顶煤矿、太平煤矿、攀钢冶钢厂、攀钢矿山、尾矿坝等工矿区，污染较轻微的地区分布在红格、新九等农业区。各元素的污染程度上看，该区As和Cu污染较重，Cd,Pb,Zn次之，而Cr污染最轻微。     

中国近海水域重金属的生物监测

本文对中国香港近海水域的铜、锌、铁、镉等重金属在纹藤壶(Balanus amph—itrite)、僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)、扁跳钩虾(Platorchestia platensis)体内积累的浓度作了比较分析,在大量的生物监测资料基础上,指出香港水域的重金属浓度在时间和地域上都存在着梯度。生物体内的重金属含量变化反映了香港地区重金属污染的基本特征。     

重金属污染与人体健康

环境中与人类健康关系较密切的重金属有Hg、Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb等,它们在工业生产中,涉及到的行业多、用途广,但对人体容易产生危害。此外,重金属污染物进入环境后,不象有机污染物那样较易分解,而是长期残留于环境中,一旦进入人体,也不会在体内发生分解和变化。因此,对于重金属污染物对人体毒害,应当予以足够的重视。     

水体沉积物重金属质量基准研究新进展——生物效应数据库法

根据加拿大、美国佛罗里达、澳大利亚、新西兰、中国香港等国家和地区水体沉积物质量基准研究的最新资料 ,综述了目前国际上广泛采用的用于制定沉积物质量基准的新方法——生物效应数据库法 ,介绍了该方法制定基准研究和应用的新进展     

武汉城市湖泊环境地球化学研究--以东湖为例

选择武汉市具有代表性的城市湖泊——东湖，进行湖泊底积物及湖水的环境地球化学研究，主要研究了湖水电导率(Ec)的变化趋势和湖泊底积物中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg等元素含量的变化规律，最后得出：武汉东湖已经开始受到重金属污染，重金属污染是人类活动直接影响的后果。     

Heavy metals in surface sediments from Minjiang Esturary—Mazu and Xiamen—Jinmen sea areas

The concentrations of Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in surface sediments from Minjang Estuary-Mazu and Ziamen-Jinmen sea areas of China were investigated during 1995-1996.The concentration ranges of Cu,Pb ,Zn and Cd in the Minjiang Estuary-Mazu sea area were 16.4-37.2,33.4-69.6,92.1-128,0.087-0.036mg/kg(dry wt.),respectively; those for Xiamen-Jinmen sea area were 11.0-24.5,36.0-80.3,77.5-161,0.135-0.285mg/kg(dry wt.), respectively.The concentration and distributions of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in surface sediments of Minjiang Estuary-Mazu and Xiamen-Jinmen sea areas were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the values of Zn and Pb exceeded those of sediment quality criteria.The average concentration of Cu in Minjiang Estuary-Mazu sea area was higher than that in Xiamen-Jinmen sea area.The obviously higher concentrations of Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd were found at outlets of Minjiang and Jiulong River.From the estuaries to open sea, the concentrations of Cu, Pb,Zn and Cd had a decreasing trend, and then elevated in the sea areas near Mazu and Jinmen, suggesting that Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in Minjiang Estuary-Mazu and Xiamen-Jinmen sea areas may come from both the mainland and Taiwan of China.     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

几种重金属土壤污染及其防治的研究进展

本文详细地介绍了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、Cr、Se等几种金属元素在土壤 -植物农业生态环境中的形态分布、迁移转化、富集累积及其对植物生长作用机理的规律 ,以及对其采取的防治措施的最新研究进展 ,指出应从源头上防治重金属元素对土壤 -植物系统的污染 ,建设绿色生态农业从根本上解决土壤生态系统的重金属污染     

重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的质量现状

通过对重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的监测和评价得出：重庆市近郊蔬菜基地部分土壤受到 Ｃｄ和Ｈｇ的污染；部分蔬菜受到Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ的污染。