泳池水质与人体健康

游泳是一项健康的体育活动,但同时也增加了与病原微生物和消毒药/副产品暴露接触的风险.鉴于康乐体育游泳运动的普及,值得洋意的是,我们对游泳池化合物、人体暴露和潜在的健康风险的理解仅处于初级阶段而已.归绺其原因部分是由于游泳池水化学的复杂性,当水从源头流向泳客的时候增加了它在水中的转化     

Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methyl isoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: A critical review

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds – 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a fullscale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ine ective for removal of MIB/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be e ective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more e ective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and e ectiveness of the treatment system.     

Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation potential in 13 source waters in China

The formation potential of four trihalomethanes (THMFP) and seven haloacetic acids (HAA7FP) in 13 source waters taken from four major water basin areas in China was evaluated using the simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination method. The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254: the ratio of UV254 to dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), which ranged between 0.9 and 5.0 L/(mg m), showed that the organic compounds in di erent source waters exhibited di erent reactivities with chlorine. The HAA7FP of source waters ranged from 20 to 448 g/L and the THMFP ranged from 29 to 259 g/L. The HAA7FP concentrations were higher than the THMFP concentrations in all but one of the samples. Therefore, the risks of haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be of concern in some source waters. TCM (chloroform) and BDCM (bromodichloromethane) were the major THM constituents, while TCAA (trichloroacetic acid) and DCAA (dichloroacetic acid) were the major HAA species. Br-THM (brominated THM species) were much higher than Br- HAA (brominated HAA species), and the formation of Br-DBP (Br-THM and Br-HAA) should be of concern when the bromide concentration is over 100 g/L.     

金属盐催化生物质热解动力学特性研究

在论述国内外生物质热解技术研究进展的基础上,就金属盐对生物质的催化热解展开动力学研究。以秸秆、稻壳和稻草为原料,利用热重分析仪等实验设备进行热解实验,即在对典型的生物质及生物质和金属盐的混合物进行热解特性实验研究的基础上,分析反应速率与各项物理因素（如金属盐种类、浓度、升温速率等）之间的关系。实验结果表明,金属盐对生物质热解反应具有促进作用,在一定范围内其浓度增加,热解转化率增加,反应速度提高。     

板材眼镜断口形貌观察和断裂分析

根据某板材眼镜的断裂情况,制备了断口用样品,用扫描电子显微镜观察了断口的形貌,并对断口进行了能谱分析.分析表明,眼镜镜框与金属铰链连接处是眼镜的断裂薄弱部分,板材眼镜主要由醋酸纤维素(塑料)和铜锌镍合金(黄铜)组成,连接镜框和镜腿的金属铰链经过了镀镍处理,塑料和金属2种不同材料连接处在寒冷环境中受冲击时最易断裂.     

金属TPS蜂窝盖板的热梯度诱导变形计算

建立了蜂窝结构的一维传热模型,给出了其热梯度诱导变形计算公式.同时,计算了某高温合金六角蜂窝结构的热变形,认为在设计金属TPS的蜂窝盖板时,必须考虑其特定服役环境下的热变形.     

红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...     

安全管理虚拟团队在冶金安全风险防范中的应用

通过组建高温熔融金属作业安全管理、煤气作业安全管理、工程检修作业安全管理、危险化学品安全管理和协力安全管理五大虚拟团队,发挥团队力量,实施专业支撑,推动相关单位安全风险管理责任的落实,推进高温熔融金属、煤气等重点工艺、领域安全风险源头治理,预防和控制事故的发生。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速筛选纺织品及皮革中的有机锡化合物

为实现大批量样品中有机锡化合物的检测,提出用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行快速筛选.样品用模拟酸性汗液在(37±2)℃水浴中提取1h,ICP-MS进行测定,针对不同纺织品或皮革制品,依据其类别进行产品质量符合性判断:婴幼儿用品的测定值在0.5 mg/kg之下,其他类别样品的测定值在1.0 mg/kg之下,可认为符合产品质量安全要求.实验结果表明,ICP-MS测定锡元素的方法检出限为0.01mg/kg,精密度高于4.1％,加标回收率在90.22～101.80％之间.方法灵敏度高,操作简单,所用试剂量少,可实现对大量样品的快速筛选.     

钝化金属深海环境电偶腐蚀性能研究

根据美国深海环境试验取得的数据和我国表层海水取得的数据,可知钛合金TA2与不锈钢SS316在海洋环境中无电偶腐蚀倾向,实际使用中SS316却出现了严重的电偶腐蚀。针对这一问题,在深海和模拟深海环境中对TA2和SS316的电偶腐蚀性能进行了研究,结果表明,静态下TA2和SS316无电偶腐蚀产生;当两种金属相互摩擦使SS316钝化膜破损时,产生电偶腐蚀,SS316为偶对中的阳极,会加速腐蚀。