热液成矿流体中的有机物质

热液流体中的主要有机质包括腐殖物质（t＜50℃）、有机羧酸（t＝80～140℃）、原油（120～180℃）和水溶性甲烷气（180～300℃）。腐殖物质在初始矿源层形成中起重要作用，在腐殖酸缩合成干酪根过程中通过去氧而导致还原的成岩环境，从而有效地防止金属元素在初始矿源石化过程中的分散。有机羧酸是干酪很早期演化的必然产物，富含有机羧酸的油田卤水可以成为MVT铅锌矿的成矿流体。在一定成熟度范围内原油可能成为汞金热液流体的重要有机组分。水溶性甲烷气是铜、铀、金等中低温热液流体的重要有机组分。有机质演化的阶段性决定了相应热液流体中有机质的类型；此外沉积建造的类型、金属元素在油／卤之间分配系数差异和构造条件差异导致了金属矿化分异。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在污水处理过程中的迁移转化行为

用正相色谱－质谱联用法（NPLC－MS）分离分析高聚合度的NPnEO(n＞2）,用气相色谱－质谱联用方法（GC－MS）测定其中的NP,NP1EO和NP2EO浓度,对NPnEO在城市污水处理厂的迁移转化行为进行了研究。在污水处理厂的进水中,检测出NP和NPnEO(n=1-23）,总浓度为174nmol/L,其中NP2EO的浓度最高,为89．6nmol/L;其次分别为NP（42．2nmol/L）和NP1EO（12．2nmol/L）;出水中同样检测出NP和NPnEO(n=1-18),其中NP2EO的浓度最高,为37．2nmol/L;其次分别为NP（6．64nmol/L）和NP1EO（0．135nmol/L)。在城市污水处理过程中,NPnEO从高聚合度降妥成低聚合度,NP和NPnEO的总去降率为71％。另外,NP和NPnEO在污泥及污泥过滤水中的分配表明污泥对NPnEO有明显的吸附作用,并近似符合Dubinin-Astakhov等温吸附。     

土壤重金属污染及其预防、修复研究

土壤重金属污染是一个难以解决的全球性棘手问题,不仅会直接或间接地危害人体健康,而且其污染的修复也十分困难,因此土壤重金属污染的预防与修复具有特别重要的意义.目前中国部分地区土壤重金属污染已相当严重,土壤污染防治已被提上中国环境保护工作的重要议程.文章先从自然地理环境的整体性出发说明土壤重金属污染的危害,接着介绍了由于人类活动引起的农耕区及城市土壤重金属污染来源,最后有针对性地提出土壤重金属污染的预防及其修复措施.     

多金属氧酸盐电催化降解染料废水的研究

采用IR和XRD等手段对磷钼酸(PMo12)和3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)形成的电荷转移配合物(TMB)3PMo12进行表征,结果表明配合物中的杂多阴离子仍保留着Keggin结构.将配合物负载于γ-Al2O3上制备(TMB)3PMo12/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂填充于电化学反应器中,考察电催化氧化体系降解酸性大红3R染料废水的效果.研究表明,(TMB)3PMo12/γ-Al2O3催化剂对酸性大红3R废水显示了良好的电催化活性,催化剂填充量为50g,负载量为0.6%时,在pH值为4,槽电压15.0V,曝气量0.14m3/h,极板间距3.0cm反应条件下,60min后,色度去除率达到79.7%,去除效果较传统二维平板和三维电解槽更高.     

长江口滨岸及近海水体中胶体的分布和理化性质研究

利用切向流超滤技术(CFUF)分离出长江口滨岸及近海水体中的胶体,并对其稳定性和物质组成进行了定量分析.结果表明,XP和WSK胶体的尺寸和Zeta-电位随pH的升高而减小,XP、WSK胶体的等电点分别出现在pH<2、pH=3.8;所采水样的胶体有机碳(COC,M r1×103~1μm)浓度为7.7~35.7μmol·L-1,占总溶解有机碳(DOC)的7.1%~41.7%;三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)分析发现研究区出现类色氨酸荧光峰、类紫外富里酸荧光峰和类腐殖质荧光峰;胶体态Na、Mg、K、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mn、Ni平均分别占溶解态的0.33%、5.7%、0.975%、1%、7.2%、7%、11.9%、15.7%、5.5%、10.5%、11.3%.Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mn、Ni与COC的结合能力大于Na、Mg、K、Ca.相关分析表明,胶体的尺寸、DOC、真溶解有机碳(UOC)与盐度呈负相关,COC与盐度无线性关系,胶体态痕量金属(Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mn、Ni)总浓度与COC呈线性关系.     

污水集中处理厂污水中金属(重金属)的分布

系统地建立集中污水处理装置是环境管理和污染治理的发展方向之一，在工业发达国家已相当普及，本文分析了美国和加拿大污水集中处理厂原污水和常用治理流程各工序中金属（重金属）的分布情况。结果表明，由于地理，气候，人口，特别是工业分布的影响，原污水中金属含量会有较大变化，因为变化范围大且超过排放标准2－10倍（按均值计），在设计和评价时应予化重点考虑的几种金属为：Cd,Cu,Cr,Pb,Ni和Zn，经典型的沉淀－活性污泥工艺处理后，金属除去率大于80％，可以满足排放要求。     

改进取样方法提高含油废水中CODcr值的准确度

化学需氧量(CODcr)和石油类都是中国实施水污染物排放总量控制指标,也是环境监测的常测项目.CODcr是反映水体中受还原性物质主要是有机物污染程度的综合性指标.矿物油和动、植物油统称为油类,是废水中常见的有机污染物,对CODcr的贡献较大.探索水体中CODcr值与油类物质含量之间的相关性,对CODcr值准确性的判断有一定指导意义.改进含油废水的取样方法,有利于提高CODcr测定值的准确性和代表性.     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

Effects of the surface chemistry of macroreticular adsorbents on the adsorption of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures from water

The adsorption behaviors of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthylamine and l-naphthol/l-naphthylamine mixtures in water over two macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single or binary batch systems at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K respectively. All the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems can be adequately fitted by Langmuir model. In the case of aminated macroreticular adsorbent NDA103, 1-naphthol is adsorbed to a larger extent than 1-naphthylamine; while, the opposite trend is found for nonpolar macroreticular adsorbent NDA100. It is noteworthy that at higher temperature（303 K and 313 K）, the total uptake amounts of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems are obvious larger than the pure uptake amounts in single-component systems, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the loaded 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. The simultaneous adsorption systems were confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1-naphthol according to the larger selective index.