湿纸巾中的丙二醇,不必担心

正最近,一个电视节目对市面上买到的几种湿纸巾进行了检验分析,并宣称"不少湿纸巾中都含有丙二醇、苯扎氯铵等成分。丙二醇是一种低毒化学溶剂,如果长期用湿纸巾擦手,再来拿东西吃,会导致有毒物质进入胃肠道,存在安全隐患。此外,因为丙二醇溶解度大,大概有5%的人会有过敏反应,长期使用会对皮肤造成伤害"。这条新闻在网络上引起了广泛的关注,一夜之间,湿纸巾似乎从生活必需品变成了"定时炸弹"。事情真有这么糟糕吗?     

推进非煤矿山安全标准化工作

非煤矿山是指开采金属矿石、放射性矿石以及作为石油化工原料、建筑材料、辅助原料、耐火材料及其他非金属矿物（煤炭除外）的矿山。大多数矿山企业的生产规模较小,技术装备水平不高,作业环境相对较差,伤亡事故时有发生。[第一段]     

自养-异养分步生物沥浸铅锌冶炼废渣中的有价/有毒金属

针对铅锌冶炼废渣组分复杂、含有多种金属类型、难以用单一沥浸体系溶释所有目标金属的特点,提出自养-异养分步生物沥浸的处理思想.结果表明:自养生物沥浸对锌、镉、铟、砷、铅的最高沥浸效率分别为90％、86％、71％、25％、12％,对银的沥浸效率为0;异养生物沥浸对于自养生物沥浸残渣可获得最高37％ 的银沥浸效率,而铅锌冶炼...     

大气CO2浓度增高对不同供氮水平下水稻生长和化感物质释放的影响

利用开放式空气CO2浓度升高(free air carbon-dioxide enrichment,FACE)平台中的水培试验,研究了低氮(LN:10 mg·L-1)和高氮(HN:30 mg·L-1)水平下,大气CO2浓度升高对化感与非化感水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种的生长、碳氮比(C/N)和化感物质含量的影响,并分析了CO2浓度升高条件下水稻C/N和化感物质含量间的相互关系.结果表明:CO2浓度升高对化感(PI)与非化感水稻品种(秀水)的生长均有极显著促进作用.CO2浓度升高后,LN条件下水稻C/N显著增加,HN条件下则无显著变化.CO2浓度升高后化感水稻品种次生代谢物质含量增加,特征化感物质含量增加,非化感品种的这种变化不显著.化感水稻品种C/N分别与次生代谢物质含量和特征化感物质含量之间呈显著正相关关系.     

赤霉素浓度对色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.)种子萌发的影响

岷江上游彩叶林生态系统是我国西南地区特有的关键生态系统类型,具有水源涵养、水土保持和气候调节等重要的生态功能,而且具有显著的景观美学价值,是区域特色生态旅游经济的重要基础.由于受到自然灾害破坏和水电站的修建等人为干扰,目前岷江上游彩叶林系统毁坏严重且残存量不多,亟待恢复和重建.色木槭(Acer mono Maxim.)...     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

物质流指标下的工业经济解耦问题研究

随着经济的快速发展,资源约束下环境问题日益突出,生态文明建设要求社会经济系统在经济增长的同时,环境和资源日益改善以满足循环经济的发展需求。为改善经济增长与环境资源状况的耦合现状,需要分析工业经济增长与矿产资源消耗、固废及废气排放的耦合程度。本文基于低碳试点省市工业系统的化石能源、矿产资源消耗统计和CO2排放测算,确定各省市工业系统物质流输入输出指标,采用解耦权重图解法对主要指标的组成部分分别赋予权重,并结合指数时间序列分析各指标组成部分的解耦程度。结果表明,试点省市工业总产值的快速增长是以较高的碳排放为前提,并且碳排放对工业经济增长的解耦贡献逐年升高,控制碳排放的关键在于进一步优化工业能源消耗模式,提高能源利用效率,降低能源强度并适度引入清洁能源。因此应从能源消费结构优化、矿产资源利用率提升等方面积极转变发展方式,以达到碳排放、固体废弃物减排等目标,实现中国工业经济的绿色增长,保障生态文明建设的顺利进行。     

工业园区循环经济绩效评价方法研究

针对当前循环经济绩效内涵不明确,评价指标体系多局限于对循环经济发展水平等循环经济绩效评价中存在的问题,在系统归纳总结该领域研究现状基础上,明确了循环经济绩效的概念;进一步构建了基于生态效率-物质流分析的循环经济绩效评估指标体系,利用模糊数学和灰色聚类方法分别建立了循环经济绩效评估模型;最后,以上海化工园区和南通农药化学工业园为案例,对2个园区循环经济绩效进行评估。结果表明:从理论和方法上,构建的工业园区循环经济绩效评价指标体系是适用的;模糊综合评价和灰色聚类评价的结果存在一定的差异,模糊评价结果更为合理,而且该模型可以直观地表示出园区循环经济绩效的优劣势所在。进而,以上海化工园区作为标杆,针对南通农药化学工业园存在的资源效率偏低等问题,提出若干循环经济绩效改进措施。     

铜陵市资源利用与经济增长关系分析

资源利用与经济增长之间的关系是资源与环境经济学研究的重要领域。以安徽省铜陵市为例,尝试运用物质流分析方法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型（ARDL）对铜陵市1990~2008年资源利用和实际GDP二者关系进行检验和分析。采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量。ARDL边界检验结果表明了资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系。进一步通过ARDL-ECM模型分析了区域经济增长对资源利用长期弹性系数和短期弹性系数,并揭示出资源利用对经济增长的短期和长期因果关系。研究结果表明当前资源投入在一定程度上拉动了铜陵经济增长。同时还对铜陵经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议