除镉最佳混凝剂的筛选及应用条件研究

通过采用聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）、氯化铁（FeCl3）及聚合硫酸铁（PFS）对含镉废水的处理研究表明,三种混凝剂对含镉水体均有良好的处理效果,同等条件下,三种混凝剂对含镉水体去除率分别为98.22%、92.19%和93.63%。研究了PAFC对含镉水体的混凝沉淀效果,实验结果表明：碱性条件有利于镉离子的沉淀,当pH为9～11时,去除率可达98.00%左右;对于初始浓度为4.000 0 mg.L-1的含镉废水,经处理后,水体浓度可降至0.184 0 mg.L-1,对于初始浓度为0.400 0 mg.L-1的含镉废水,经处理后水体浓度降至0.007 2 mg.L-1;废水中投加一定量的石灰乳对PAFC除镉起一定的作用,投加量达30.00 mg.L-1时,其去除率达99.91%;通过对PAFC除镉动力学拟合,符合一级线性动力学方程。     

零价铁还原和吸附去除水中污染物的研究进展

近年来,零价铁以其低毒、廉价、易操作且对环境不会产生二次污染等优点,在水污染治理中受到重视。文章介绍了零价铁处理污水的机理,对利用零价铁的还原和吸附作用去除污水中的氯代有机物、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料、重金属、高氯酸盐、硝酸盐等的研究情况进行了综述,指出了零价铁废水处理技术的研究方向。     

铁对反硝化脱硫运行效能影响

研究基于Fe2+可以刺激硫酸盐还原菌的活性,氢气又可以作为电子供体促进反硝化脱氮理论,考察了铁粉对同步反硝化脱硫运行技能的影响.在混养(主)、自养和异养(辅)条件下对比加入铁粉前后各种底物的代谢规律,结果表明:混养条件下加入铁粉前后,硫化物去除率均在99％以上,硝酸盐和乙酸盐的去除率分别为80％,90％和88％,62％.铁粉不影响碳、氮、硫的同步脱除,而且可以强化硫酸盐还原作用和反硝化作用,却使硫化物的去除时间延长2倍.经分析得知,铁粉的加入可以提高自养菌群的活性,进而提供氢气这种更容易被自养菌利用的电子供体将硝酸盐还原为氮气,使硫化物剩余.而且,Fe和H2O发生化学反应生成的Fe2+和氢气均能提高硫酸盐还原菌的活性,硫酸盐还原菌群和自养菌群之间可能存在一定的共生关系,Fe的加入会破坏这种共生关系.     

刘铁男：要加快推进铝工业的优化升级

8月25日,由国务院参事室和中国有色金属工业协会共同举办的＂促进铝应用高层论坛＂在北京钓鱼台国宾馆召开。国家发改委刘铁男副主任出席论坛并致辞。     

铁氧化物改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

利用铁氧化物对黏土进行了包覆改性,采用静态吸附法对该改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特性进行了研究,并考虑了反应时间、pH、浓度、温度对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,整个吸附过程基本在3h内完成;改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随溶液初始pH的增大而明显减小;随着溶液初始浓度和温度的增大而增大。同时,在初始pH为3.0的条件下,研究了改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学和热力学特性,结果表明,改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附能较好地符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温式。由Langmuir等温式得出,在293K、初始pH为3.0条件下的单层饱和吸附量为12.91 mg•g-1。确定了改性黏土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的热力学参数,表明该吸附过程是一个吸热的自发过程。与原土的对比实验表明,改性黏土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能力大大增强。     

己内酰胺生产废水的铁碳微电解深度处理与机理研究

采用铁碳微电解方法对己内酰胺生产废水进行深度处理,探讨了pH值、停留时间、铁碳质量比对处理效果的影响。在pH为4、停留时间为120 min、铁碳质量比为4的最佳处理条件下,COD去除率可达57.8%,色度去除率可达68.4%。微电解对己内酰胺废水的作用主要通过铁的絮凝作用,处理过程中的酸性条件、微电解的氧化还原和电场作用,从而提高其去除效率。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

吸附树脂负载铁酞菁催化降解硝基苯的研究

在可见光照射下,采用吸附树脂负载铁酞菁催化过氧化氢降解硝基苯.考察了光照、催化剂投加量、双氧水投加量、温度及pH值等因素对催化效果的影响.结果表明,在功率为50W卤钨灯照射下,硝基苯溶液初始质量浓度为200 mg/L,初始pH值为3,催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L,双氧水投加量为1.0 mL/L,温度为35℃下反应10h,硝基苯去除率可达到79.9％.     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.