我国土壤系统分类中富铁铝土壤的分类

回顾了我国富铁土和铁铝土分类的历史。我国近代土壤分类开始于30年代;从50年代开始,我国土壤分类深受前苏联地理发生分类的影响。在地理发生分类体系中,按生物气候气候条件,热带、亚热带地带性土壤分别为燥红土、红壤、黄壤、赤红壤和砖红壤。从80年代开始,我国土壤科技工作者结合我国实际,引入了土壤系统分类。这一分类的特点是根据土壤诊断层和诊断特性划分土壤类型。据此,这一区域的地带性土壤主要是富铁土和铁铝土。     

微生物—微米零价铁工艺的脱氮效果及机理

采用微生物-微米零价铁（m ZVI）工艺脱除水中氮。与单独微生物或m ZVI工艺相比,微生物-m ZVI工艺的脱氮效果最好。在废水p H为7.0、初始硝酸盐氮质量浓度为25.00 mg/L、mZVI投加量为0.20 g/L的条件下,加入驯化好的复合微生物BP350菌液50 mL/L室温下反应5 d,硝酸盐氮去除率达100%,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的总生成率为5.00%。ESEM表征结果显示,m ZVI在水中为微生物生长提供了附着基质,增大了微生物与废水的接触面积,有效防止了微生物流失。高通量测序结果表明,甲基娇养杆菌属（Methylotenera sp.）作为脱氮优势菌属在微生物-m ZVI工艺体系中相对丰度最高,达41.81%,远高于单独微生物工艺体系。m ZVI能够协同微生物提升脱氮效果。     

负载型纳米零价铁对水中硝基苯的去除

以六方板短孔道分子筛Zr-Ce-SBA-15和纤维状长孔道分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍—H2还原法合成了纳米零价铁（NZVI）复合材料NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15和NZVI/SBA-15,采用XRD、SEM等手段进行了表征,并比较了二者对硝基苯的还原性能。表征结果显示,介孔材料能有效阻止NZVI颗粒的团聚,经负载后其粒径变小。实验结果表明：短孔道Zr-Ce-SBA-15比长孔道SBA-15更适合作载体;在NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15和NZVI/SBA-15投加量均为1.0 g/L、初始硝基苯质量浓度为20 mg/L、pH为6的条件下,二者对硝基苯的去除率分别为94%和83%,相应的苯胺生成量为10.0 mg/L和7.8 mg/L;当NZVI/Zr-Ce-SBA-15投加量为1.0 g/L、初始硝基苯质量浓度为20 mg/L、pH为3时,硝基苯去除率为98%,相应的苯胺生成量为11.8 mg/L。     

物化联合预处理工艺处理高浓度中成药浓缩废水效能研究

针对中成药浓缩液粘稠度高、色度高、有机物含量高的问题,开发了“铁碳微电解+芬顿(Fenton)氧化+混凝沉淀”预处理工艺。结果表明：在pH为2、反应时间为2 h的条件下,铁碳微电解工艺的COD_Cr去除率达到54.5%;在H₂O₂投加量为1.0%、反应时间为2 h的条件下,芬顿工艺段的COD_Cr去除率达55.8%。混凝沉淀工艺进一步提高了COD_Cr去除效果,联合预处理工艺对COD_Cr的总去除率达到88.9%,出水COD_Cr浓度小于3 000 mg/L,废水可生化性由0.12提高至0.32。     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

铁-碳微电解/改进硫化钠沉淀法处理综合电镀废水

综合电镀废水中含有多种有害的重金属离子,其有效处理是备受关注的问题之一.本文采用铁-碳微电解/改进硫化钠沉淀法处理综合电镀废水,研究Fe/C摩尔比、Na2 S投加量以及废水最终pH对残余重金属离子含量的影响.结果表明,当Fe/C摩尔比为1:1.14,Na2 S投加量为0.29 g/L,最终pH为7.0时,在常温下反应1...     

高效选择性除铯的PVDF复合膜制备及优化

为实现对放射性核素铯(Cs)的高效去除,本研究基于表面接枝技术利用均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)在羟基化的PVDF微滤/超滤膜表面接枝了一层氨基化SiO2,并通过SiO2表面的氨基基团与Fe3+结合实现亚铁氰化铁(Ferrocyanide,FeCN)的负载,从而制备了FeCN/SiO2/PVDF复合膜.基于膜表面的SEM与XP...     

催化铁内电解法预处理对后续生物过程的影响

本文研究了催化铁内电解预处理对后续生物反应器中活性污泥以及微生物的影响。经催化铁内电解处理后的污水带有大量的Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋进入生物处理阶段,EPS中蛋白质与多糖的比值提高,活性污泥的沉降性能也得以改善,沉降速度比对照组提高4．2倍;Fe^3＋使微生物物种多样性增加,与EPS的结合形式,改善了菌体之间的连接,增强了污泥对污染物的吸附和絮凝,EPS中吸咐污染物比对照组多约12．5mgTOC／gVSS。     

镀铜铁内电解预处理含酚废水的研究

采用镀铜铁内电解法对焦化含酚废水进行预处理,其酚类去除率比传统的铁炭内电解、铁铜内电解高,60min去除率可达71.45%。探讨了pH值、镀铜量、镀铜铁的投加量以及处理时间对处理效果的影响。连续进水小试试验出水水质稳定,酚类去除率在50%左右,不会引起板结问题。     

粉煤灰合成分子筛及处理含氟废水的研究

实验利用工业废渣——循环流化床粉煤灰合成出较高结晶度的X型和P型分子筛,合成过程无须高温焙烧预处理.通过XRD分析表征,发现该法合成分子筛结晶度较高,X型和P型分子筛相对结晶度分别达68%～75%和55%.实验应用合成分子筛进行载铁改性,并对NaF模拟的工业含氟废水进行了除氟实验.结果表明,载铁X型分子筛处理工业含氟废水效果良好,除氟率可达74%～98%,除氟容量达25.0～30.0 mg/g.在处理含氟废水过程中,载铁合成分子筛与其他除氟剂相比较,具有除氟率高、除氟容量大、反应迅速的特点.