铁/钴氮氟掺杂二氧化钛膜的制备研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化剂,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物,探讨了制备两种膜的最佳煅烧温度、镀膜层数和铁/钴掺杂量。结果表明,当煅烧温度400℃,镀膜层数4层,Fe/Ti=0.05%,Co/Ti=0.02%时,得到的Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的可见光催化活性最高。其中Fe,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化活性要略优于Co,N,F-TiO2膜。     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.     

Catalytic combustion of soot over ceria-zinc mixed oxides catalysts supported onto cordierite

Modified substrates as outer heterogeneous catalysts was employed to reduce the soot generated from incomplete combustion of diesel or diesel/biodiesel blends, a process that harms the environment and public health. The unique storage properties of ceria(CeO2) makes it one of the most efficient catalysts available to date. Here, we proposed that ceria-based catalysts can lower the temperature at which soot combustion occurs; more specifically, from 610℃ to values included in the diesel exhausts operation range(300–450℃). The sol-gel method was used to synthesize mixed oxide-based catalysts(CeO2:ZnO); the resulting catalysts were deposited onto cordierite substrates. In addition, the morphological and structural properties of the material were evaluated by XRD, BET, TPR-H2, and SEM. Thermogravimetric(TG/DTA) analysis revealed that the presence of the catalyst decreased the soot combustion temperature by 200℃ on average, indicating that the oxygen species arise at low temperatures in this situation, promoting highly reactive oxidation reactions. Comparative analysis of soot emission by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS) showed that catalyst-impregnated cordierite samples efficiently oxidized soot in a diesel/biodiesel stationary motor: soot emission decreased by more than 70%.     

Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.     

硼掺杂CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其活性研究

在三氯化钛和钛酸丁酯水解过程中引入硼酸、硝酸铈,制备了具有可见光活性的硼(B)掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂复合氧化物光催化剂,采用XRD、DRS、XPS等手段进行表征,以偶氮染料酸性红B为模型污染物评估了催化活性.结果表明,硝酸铈加入量影响催化剂的吸收带边,随用量增加,吸收带边红移至481nm(Ce/Ti=1.0,摩尔比),继续增加用量,吸收带边轻微蓝移.催化剂晶相组成与焙烧温度有关,500℃时焙烧样品主要由立方晶型CeO₂和锐钛矿TiO₂组成,焙烧温度高于700℃时,TiO₂转化为金红石型,CeO₂则无显著变化.随焙烧温度升高,催化剂吸收带边明显蓝移,综合考虑催化剂稳定性和太阳能利用,认为500℃焙烧较为合适.B1s XPS显示仅有少量B原子进入复合氧化物晶格取代了氧原子,主要以B₂O₃形式存在.酸性红B降解试验显示B掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂可以提高TiO₂的催化活性,紫外光辐射10min最高可使96.0%的酸性红B分解,且反应彻底,表现出较强的氧化能力,但Ce/Ti>0.5(摩尔比)时催化活性显著下降.     

可见光下掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物的选择性光降解

采用表面分子印迹技术,以溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺氮TiO_2为基质、水杨酸为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和偶氮二异丁腈分别为交联剂和引发剂制备了掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和低温N2物理吸附-脱附等技术对制备样品进行了表征。结果表明,样品均为锐钛矿相,粒径10~20 nm且分布均匀;氮掺杂引起光吸收带边红移;表面分子印迹技术在掺氮TiO_2表面形成的有机聚合物层增大了粒径,但改变了回滞环形状及孔径分布,形成了大量孔径为2.2 nm的小孔并增大了比表面积;可见光下对水杨酸、甲基橙、苯甲酸的降解选择系数在1.1~1.7之间,具有良好的选择性。     

Pure and Mg-doped self-assembled ZnO nano-particles for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol

A novel self-assembled pure and Mg doped ZnO nano-particles （NPs） were successfully synthesized by a simple low temperature co-precipitation method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron mi- croscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalysts showed high crystallinity with a uniform size distribution of the NPs. The degradation of cholorphenols is highly mandatory in today＇s scenario as they are affecting the environment adversely. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP）, a potent endocrine disrupting chemical in aqueous medium was investigated by both pure and Mg-doped ZnO NPs under UV-light irradiation in the present study. The influence of the Mg content on the structure, morphology, PL character and photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs were investigated systematically. Furthermore,the effect of different parameters such as 4-CP concentration, photocatalyst amount, pH and UV-light wavelength on the resulting photocatalytic activity was investigated.     

低温燃烧合成纳米Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂的表征及活性研究

采用低温燃烧合成法制备了Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、激光散射、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等方法对催化剂的光吸收特性、晶相组成、粒度分布、升温过程中化学变化等进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性.结果表明,相对P25而言,Ni掺杂TiO2的光吸收带边红移,当Ni/Ti原子比为0.4时,催化剂的带隙宽度为2.3eV,对应的吸收带边为564nm;催化剂晶型以锐钛矿TiO2为主,随Ni掺杂量增大,NiTiO3比例升高;催化剂粒径主要分布在50～150nm之间,占总量的96.9%;升温过程中催化剂在445.2℃发生晶型转化,出现锐钛矿和NiTiO3晶体.催化剂显示出较高的催化活性,在可见光作用150min后最高可使93.9%的亚甲基蓝分解,活性高于P25.     

Ce-TiO2催化剂在含SO2气氛下的NH3-SCR中毒机理及其Co3O4改性性能

通过对Ce-TiO₂催化剂在含硫气氛下、不同温度的NH₃-SCR活性演变,结合含硫组分的定量分析、原位红外分析,研究了Ce-TiO₂催化剂在不同温度的SO₂中毒机理。结果表明,在180℃下,Ce-TiO₂脱硝活性对硫酸铈的生成极为敏感,0.1 mmol·g^-1的硫酸铈生成导致脱硝活性从50.7%降至18.5%,随后硫酸铈持续沉积,低温脱硝活性缓慢下降;在240℃下,Ce-TiO₂脱硝活性对硫酸铈的生成敏感性较低,脱硝活性随时间缓慢下降,0.18 mmol·g^-1的硫酸铈生成导致脱硝活性从100%降至53.8%,随后硫酸铈持续生成。Co改性活性结果表明：在180℃时,脱硝活性从50.7%提升至94.2%,且180℃和240℃抗硫性能均有所提升。进一步的表征测试表明：Co的掺杂能提升Ce-TiO₂催化剂的氧化还原性能,并抑制SO₂在催化剂表面的吸附,提升催化剂的抗硫性能。原...     

改性Ti4O7阳极对氯霉素的高效电氧化降解

针对传统电化学氧化中阳极是污染物催化氧化的核心,寻找一种具有高析氧电位,高反应活性面积,优良催化活性的阳极是当下亟待解决的问题。为此,选取了亚氧化钛(Ti₄O₇)电极作为基础电极且对其进行过渡金属元素掺杂改性。通过各种表征及降解性能研究发现,所制备改性电极相对于纯Ti₄O₇电极催化性能有所提高。其中,锆(zirconium, Zr)元素掺杂后使得改性电极具有更高的析氧电位和更好的电催化活性。在电流密度为30 mA·cm^-2,初始pH为6.1,电解质为100 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄和10 mmol·L^-1 NaCl的最优条件下,氯霉素的去除率为97.4%。并且该电极具有很好的抗干扰性和稳定性,在不同pH干扰下对氯霉素依然具有较高的降解率(均高于81.1%)。此外,Zr元素掺杂的Ti₄O₇改性电极对氟苯尼考和双氯芬酸钠等药物也具有很好的降解效果...