载铜活性炭纤维Cu-ACF的微观结构与表面形态

本文讨论了载铜活性炭纤维的制备过程与微观结构,表面形态的关系。     

环境应急事件中快速测定水中重金属项目的研究——以铜、锌为例

文章针对环境应急事件中如何快速测定重金属项目进行了研究。水中重金属的仪器测定方法有若干种,但实验室中的方法存在分析时间较长、操作难度较大及仪器难以携带等局限性。本文研究了使用便携式多参数水质检测一体机测量水中铜、锌项目的方法,得到了铜在相对范围内可直接测量、锌需要扣除铜的干扰系数才可准确测量的结论。     

某搬迁铜冶炼企业原址用地土壤重金属污染空间分布特征及风险评价

文章以某搬迁铜冶炼企业原址的核心生产区作为研究区域,共采集土壤样品816份。在详细调查研究区域土壤重金属污染状况的基础上,通过单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区域土壤中的重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行了风险评估。运用统计分析结合地理信息系统（GIS）插值方法研究了该场地土壤中重金属污染的空间分布特征,结果表明：研究区域内土壤受到砷（As）、铅（Pb）、钴（Co）、镉（Cd）和铜（Cu）五种元素不同程度的污染;单因子污染指数Pi最大值由大到小依次为As>Cd>Pb>Cu>Co。内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明,研究区域内污染在空间分布上呈集中趋势,而且随着地层深度的增加,污染占比和污染等级均呈下降趋势。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,研究区域内As和Cd存在极强潜在生态风险;Pb的潜在生态风险等级为强;Cu和Co为中等潜在生态风险。随着地层深度的增加,各风险等级占比均逐渐降低。研究区域总体呈现自上而下污染面积逐渐减小、污染浓度逐渐降低的趋势,其中土壤As的污染情况最为严重和普遍。     

土壤铜形态及有机物质的影响

概述了土壤铜的形态区分，影响铜形态分配的因素，有机物质对土壤铜形态与活性的影响，以及有机物质改良铜污染土壤的效果。指出了有机物质改良重金属污染土壤是可行的方法，但有关机理尚待深入研究。     

Surface reaction of Bacillus cereus biomass and its biosorption for lead and copper ions

In this study, the surface chemical functional groups of Bacillus cereus biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analytical technique. It had been shown that the B. cereus cells mainly contained carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, amino and amide functional groups. The potentiometric titration was conducted to explain the surface acid-base properties of aqueous B. cereus biomass. The computer program FITEQL 4.0 was used to perform the model calculations. The optimization results indicated that three sitesthree pKas model, which assumed the cell surface to have three distinct types of surface organic functional groups based on the IR analysis results, simulated the experimental results very well. Moreover, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate biosorption behavior of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions onto the biomass. Obviously, the adsorption equilibrium data for the two ions were reasonably described by typical Langmuir isotherm.     

Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

不同粒径含氯盐尾矿砂固化的配比优化

针对冀北风沙地区交通干线附近尾矿堆积、大风吹蚀影响交通等问题,将风沙区5种不同粒径的含氯盐铁尾矿作为骨料,以水泥和工业废料矿渣、离子固化剂、氧化钙制备尾矿固化试件,探究其最优配比。基于无侧限抗压强度试验,设计6因素5水平的正交试验,从宏观角度分析固化剂、含水率、尾矿粒径对试件固化效果的影响,借助数据分析软件对其进行配比优化;结合数码显微镜(USB)、电镜扫描试验(SEM)和X射线衍射试验(XRD),从细微观角度对试件进行了固化机理分析。结果表明,影响固化试件强度最显著性的因素为颗粒粒径,其次由大到小为水泥、矿渣、氧化钙、离子固化剂、水;含氯盐尾矿固化试件最优配比为m(铁尾矿)∶m(水泥)∶m(离子固化剂)∶m(矿渣)∶m(氧化钙)∶m(水)=1∶0.12∶0.022∶0.14∶0.08∶0.10,最佳尾矿粒径范围是0.075～0.3 mm;最优配比试件28 d强度可达18.29 MPa。微观分析表明试件内部生成了大量纤维状、片状、针棒状水化产物和连续褶皱状、团簇状C—S—H凝胶体,结构致密、孔隙率低;铁尾矿砂总体活性偏低,其主要起骨架支撑和物理填充作用。固化含氯盐铁尾矿砂作为制备机械沙...     

铜冶炼烟尘中重金属的赋存状态及浸出分析

以铜冶炼烟尘为对象,通过消解和Tessier五步提取法等手段对冶炼烟尘中重金属进行提取,并采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线荧光(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)进行分析,以探究铜冶炼烟尘的矿物相及元素组成、重金属含量、赋存状态、生物有效性和浸出行为。结果表明：铜冶炼烟尘中含有的主要重金属有Pb、Bi、Zn、As、Cd、Sn、Cu和Fe,且含量依次降低;冶炼烟尘的矿物相主要为PbSO₄、PbS、CdS、ZnO。针对重金属的赋存状态,As、Bi、Sn、Fe主要存在形态为残余态,Cd、Cu、Zn主要存在形态为可交换态,Pb主要存在形态为硫化物结合态及残余态。生物有效性系数较高的重金属为Cd、Zn、Cu,表明Cd、Cu、Zn具有较高的迁移性。冶炼烟尘在酸性环境中各金属元素的浸出率明显大于中性或碱性条件,其中在pH=2.0条件下Cd、Cu、Zn的最高浸出率达到80%,Fe的最高浸出率达到了50%,其他金属元素的浸出率都小于12%。     

四环素和铜离子对生物除磷微生物的作用效应

选取污水中的污染物四环素和铜离子为二元混合物,以比吸磷率来表征二元混合物对污水生物除磷微生物的联合作用效应.采用直接均分射线法设计3种二元混合物的浓度配比(Ratio1,Ratio2,Ratio3);采用Logistic方程拟合试验数据获得浓度-效应曲线,并利用浓度加和模型分析二元混合物对生物除磷微生物的联合作用效应及...