发电机内冷水系统处理的探讨

针对300 MW发电机组内冷水系统运行中铜含量长期超标问题,分析产生原因,提出了采用添加缓蚀剂和离子交换处理技术的解决方案。改造结果表明:内冷水系统水质已符合国家标准,有效地减缓了铜线棒的腐蚀,大大提高了内冷水的绝缘性能。     

Cu2+-Mn2+-H2O2体系催化氧化降解罗丹明B

研究了Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系催化氧化降解染料罗丹明B的效果。实验结果表明,Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系的罗丹明B降解率比H2O2体系、Mn2＋-H2O2体系和Cu2＋-H2O2体系有显著提高,反应120rain后罗丹明B降解率接近100％。对于Cu2＋-Mn2＋-H2O2体系,最佳罗丹明B降解条件：溶液pH为5,反应温度为45℃,质量浓度为10mg／L的罗丹明B溶液体积100mL,浓度为0．01mol／L的硫酸铜溶液加入量5．0mL,浓度为0．01moVL的硫酸锰溶液加入量3．0mL,体积分数为30％的H2O2溶液加入量1．5mL。在此条件下罗丹明B降解的反应速率常数最大,为0．04228min-1,其拟合相关系数为0．99912。罗丹明B降解符合一级动力学模型。     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behaviorof norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

废水中铜的纳米金共振散射光谱分析

在HAc-NaAc介质中,二价铜被抗坏血酸还原成亚铜离子,并与新铜试剂生成黄色的络合物,该络合物对纳米金在580nm处的共振散射光有较强的吸收,导致其共振散射强度降低,其共振散射强度降低值ΔI与铜的浓度成线性关系,据此建立一种测定痕量铜的共振散射光谱分析方法。在选定条件下,铜含量在0.02～2.54μg/mL范围内与ΔI值呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为ΔI580nm=87.2C+2.2,相关系数R为0.9983,检出限为0.001μg/mL,用于废水中铜的测定,结果满意。     

模拟研究尾矿对环境的污染及治理探讨

文章通过对广东粤北地区几类典型的尾矿、废石等矿山废弃物进行酸雨淋洗的模拟实验,研究了酸性条件下矿山废弃物中重金属离子Fe、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu和Cd以及硫酸根的溶出情况。结果表明,在酸雨条件下矿山废渣可以产生一定量的可溶性重金属,主要以Fe、Mn和Pb为主;尾砂同时产生一定的可溶性硫酸根,导致矿山流出水呈酸性。探讨了用石灰作为矿山流出水的pH调节剂、利用共沉淀除去重金属的可能性;并提出了治理尾砂堆场的措施。     

铜、铅在车前草中的亚细胞分配

通过盆栽试验研究了四川荥经县宝贝凼(BBD)和泸县(LX)车前草在铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)单元素污染处理下叶片中Cu和Pb的亚细胞分布特征.结果表明,BBD车前草生物量和富集Cu、Pb的能力均明显高于LX.不同处理下,BBD车前草各亚细胞组分中Cu和Pb含量变化特征为细胞器最高,细胞壁次之,胞液最低;;LX车前草各亚细胞组分中Cu和Pb含量变化特征为细胞壁最高,细胞器次之,胞液最低.BBD和LX车前草亚细胞各组分Pb含量均高于Cu.细胞器是细胞最重要的光合作用和呼吸作用的场所,结合Cu、Pb的能力较强,细胞壁对进入植物体内的Cu和Pb有极强的束缚作用,这可能是车前草能够解毒的重要原因.     

Mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption inhibition on biochar by its aging process

Biochar exposed in the environment may experience a series of surface changes, which is called biochar aging. In order to study the effects of biochar aging on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption, we analyzed the surface properties before and after biochar aging with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDX） and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）, and then explored the influence of the aging process on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption by batch experiments. After the aging process, the oxygen concentration, phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic ethers and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface increased, while carboxyl groups slightly decreased. Thus, over a range of pH, the cation exchange capacity（CEC） and adsorption capacity of Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar were smaller than those of new biochar,indicating that when biochar is incubated at constant temperature and water holding capacity in the dark, the aging process may inhibit Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Meanwhile, the dissociation characteristics of oxygen-containing functional groups changed through the aging process, which may be the mechanism by which the biochar aging process inhibits the Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Carboxyl groups became more easily dissociated at low pH（3.3–5.0）,and the variation of maximum adsorption capability（qm） of Cu（Ⅱ） on the old biochar was enlarged. Phenolic hydroxyl groups increased after the aging, making them and carboxyl groups more difficult to dissociate at high pH（5.0–6.8）, and the variation of qmof Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar was reduced.     

用电渗析和离子交换相结合的方法处理印制电路板氯化铜废水

据统计,我国有近千家生产印制电路板的工厂。在生产过程中,大量被刻蚀下来的铜离子随废水排放。一个年产20万m~2电路板的小型工厂,一年内就要排放掉近30t铜。这不仅浪费了铜,而且严重地污染了环境。因此,治理刻蚀工艺含铜废水具有现实意义。 传统的中和沉淀法处理刻蚀工艺含铜废水投资高、占地面积大、耗用大量化学试剂;该法处理过的水含盐量(尤其C1~-)高,不能直接回用。     

筋带密度对尾矿坝漫顶破坏规律影响研究

基于相似理论和溃决侵蚀原理,进行不同加筋密度条件下尾矿坝洪水漫顶破坏模 型试验,探析了筋带密度对尾矿坝漫顶破坏影响规律。试验结果发现:①随着筋带密度 的增加显著提升了尾矿坝的力学强度,但也导致了坝体内的浸润线升高;②筋带密度的 增加使溃口由“Y”型逐渐向“H”型转变;③筋带密度的增加阻滞了漫坝破坏的发展, 坝体位移及内部应力变化量明显减小;④增加筋带密度提高了坝体的抗冲刷能力,减弱 了洪水对蚀沟两岸尾砂的拉拽作用,保证了蚀沟两翼坝体的稳定;⑤随着筋带密度增加 ,可有效减小坝体位移和溃口深度、宽度的发展,当筋带超过2层后,筋带层数的增加 对坝体溃口宽、深基本无影响。研究成果深入探析了筋带密度对漫顶破坏影响规律,在 尾矿坝加筋研究方面提供了科学依据。     

基于无人机摄影测量的尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测

为弥补传统基于GPS/GNSS的单点监测方式无法反映尾矿坝整体变形的局限性,提出1种结合坝坡现有位移监测系统的无人机尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测方法.利用单镜头轻小型多旋翼无人机和计算机视觉技术对尾矿坝的空间三维地理信息进行数据采集与重建;基于设置在坝坡表面的位移人工监测点(水泥桩)对多期尾矿坝点云数据进行配准;通过对不同时...