板栗壳吸附Cu2+的平衡与动力学研究及工艺设计

研究了板栗壳吸附Cu2+的平衡、动力学和热力学特征并对吸附工艺进行设计.采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线对静态吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,同时采用准一级动力学和准二级动力学模型对静态吸附动力学数据进行了拟合,并计算了吸附过程的热力学参数自由能变（ΔGo）、焓变（ΔHo）和熵变（ΔSo）.结果表明,平衡实验数据符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,分离因子RL值在0~1之间,为有利吸附;动力学实验数据符合准二级动力学方程,平衡吸附量随Cu2+起始浓度增大而增大;ΔHo和ΔSo分别为12.206kJ·mol-1和21.534J·mol-1·K-1,ΔGo为负值,表明板栗壳吸附Cu2+为放热过程,可以自发进行,吸附过程增加了固液界面的混乱度.基于Langmuir等温吸附模型推导出的板栗壳用量计算公式可用于预测将一定体积一定起始浓度Cu2+溶液经过吸附降至所需浓度的板栗壳用量.     

Impacts of soil organic matter, pH and exogenous copper on sorption behavior of norfloxacin in three soils

Norfloxacin (Nor) sorption and the factors (soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and exogenous copper (Cu) influencing the sorption were investigated in a black soil (soil B), a fluvo-aquic soil (soil F), and a red soil (soil R). With increasing of Nor concentrations, sorption amount of norfloxacin increased in both the bulk soils and their SOM-removed soils, but the sorption capacity in SOM-removed soils was higher than that of their corresponding bulk soils, indicating that the process of norfloxacin sorption in soil was influenced by the soil properties including SOM. The sorption data in all bulk soils and SOM-removed soils were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models. The correlation coefficients suggested that the experimental data fitted better to Freundlich equation than to Langmuir equation. Furthermore, the data from soil F and SOM-removed F could not be described by Langmuir equation. The norfloxacin sorption amount decreased in soil B and soil F, whereas it increased in soil R as solution pH increased. The maximum KD and KOC were achieved in soil R when the equilibrium solution pH was 6. And the norfloxacin sorption was also influenced by the exogenous Cu2+ ions, which depended on the soil types and Cu2+ concentrations. With increasing of Cu2+ concentrations in solution, generally, sorption amount, KD and KOC for norfloxacin in soils increased and were up to a peak at 100 mg/L Cu2+, and then the sorption amount decreased regardless of norfloxacin levels.     

废水中铜的纳米金共振散射光谱分析

在HAc-NaAc介质中,二价铜被抗坏血酸还原成亚铜离子,并与新铜试剂生成黄色的络合物,该络合物对纳米金在580nm处的共振散射光有较强的吸收,导致其共振散射强度降低,其共振散射强度降低值ΔI与铜的浓度成线性关系,据此建立一种测定痕量铜的共振散射光谱分析方法。在选定条件下,铜含量在0.02～2.54μg/mL范围内与ΔI值呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为ΔI580nm=87.2C+2.2,相关系数R为0.9983,检出限为0.001μg/mL,用于废水中铜的测定,结果满意。     

铜中毒引起的秀丽线虫世代间可传递的缺陷

为了研究铜中毒引起的多重生物学毒性是否具有世代间的可传递性.利用秀丽线虫的寿命、体长、后代数目、繁殖速度、运动行为和行为可塑性等参数系统性地分析了铜的多重生物学毒性及其可能的可传递特性.铜中毒导致动物寿命缩短,生长发育受到抑制,出现产卵器发育畸形,世代时间延长,后代数目降低,运动行为也发生缺陷.这些多重缺陷具有浓度依赖性.此外,铜中毒引起的这种多重生物学毒性和行为毒性是可以传递给后代的,而且,后代中一些特定的缺陷比当代更加严重,如运动行为与行为可塑性等.依据这种可传递特性可将铜中毒所导致的多重缺陷分为4个类型.结果表明,秀丽线虫铜中毒引起的多重生物学缺陷很大程度上是可以传递给后代的.     

Cu2+对栅藻和鱼腥藻增殖的影响

通过藻类增长潜力(AGP)实验,研究了铜离子浓度对2种淡水浮游藻类增殖的影响.结果显示,当Cu2 质量浓度为0.001～0.100 mg·L-1时,能促进斜生栅藻增殖; Cu2 质量浓度为1.000～100.000 mg·L-1时,对斜生栅藻产生不同程度的毒性效应.当Cu2 质量浓度为0.001～0.010 mg·L-1时,会促进鱼腥藻增殖; Cu2 质量浓度为0.100～100.000 mg·L-1时,会对鱼腥藻产生不同程度的毒性效应.当Cu2 浓度为0.001～0.100 mg·L-1时,斜生栅藻和鱼腥藻细胞经过2 d的调整期,从生理上适应了新环境并进入对数增长期; Cu2 浓度达到1.000 mg·L-1时则需经4 d的调整期才能进入对数增长期,到14 d时2种藻细胞的密度仍在增加.对栅藻和鱼腥藻细胞密度的平均比增长率比较显示,斜生栅藻对Cu2 毒性效应的耐受力大于鱼腥藻.结果表明,在淡水水体中,微量的Cu2 有利于浮游藻类增殖,能够增进水体的富营养程度; Cu2 浓度超过1.000 mg·L-1时对浮游藻类的繁殖与生长有抑制或毒害作用; 过量的Cu2 还可能会导致食物链的破坏与水源的污染.因此,在使用硫酸铜杀藻时应注意其用量与使用次数可能会对水体造成的影响.     

1株扑热息痛降解新菌株的选育及其代谢特性研究

通过选择性富集培养,从活性污泥样品中选育到1株能以扑热息痛为唯一碳源生长的好氧细菌F1.根据菌株F1的形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析及和Biolog测试,初步鉴定为亲铜(Cupriavidus necator)菌属.菌株F1降解扑热息痛最适pH值和温度分别为7.0和30℃;菌株降解扑热息痛的过程遵...     

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法测定铜的简便快速方法的探讨

水中可溶性铜和总铜的测定,有条件的实验室都使用原子吸收法测定,但对于一般的企业的污水处理部门,按照国家环境保护标准《水质铜的测定二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠分光光度法》(HJ 485—2009),使用分光光度计进行分析,也可满足要求。该方法原理是在氨性溶液中(pH=8～10),铜与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠作用生成黄棕色络合物,络合物用四氯化碳或三氯甲烷萃取,在440nm波长处测量吸光度。本文对该方法进行探讨,采用缩少采样量和试剂用量(为原来的十分一),采用具塞的密闭比色管代替分液漏洞,减少工作强度和四氯化碳用量,与原方法相比更具经济性和更绿色环保。     

Differential response of multiple zebrafish hepatic F-box protein genes to 17α-ethinylestradiol treatment

Estrogens are accumulating in environment and their e ects on a variety of reproductive processes and tumorigenesis were reported by previous study, but the mechanism of estrogen promoting neoplasia was still not clear. F-box protein (FBP) is the component of E3 ubiquitin ligase which takes part in a variety of key biological processes. In this study, using mature male zebrafish, which are more sensitive to estrogen treatment, we examined influence of 17 -ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure on the expression of a series of hepatic FBP genes, which take part in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. The influence of EE2 on the expression of hepatic mRNA concentrations of FBP genes were quantified based on the expression of the optimal internal control gene in male zebrafish after 7-day exposure to EE2, from a low-dose concentration (1 ng/L) to environmentally relevant concentrations (10, 100 ng/L). Our results showed that EE2 exposure reduced the expression of fbxl14a, fbxl14b, fbxo25 and -TRCP2b, but enchanced the expression of skp2. While the alterations in fbxl2, fbxw7, fbxo9, -TRCP2a, fbxl18 and fbxo45 mRNA levels were not observed after EE2 exposure. Thus, our results showed that the expression of hepatic FBP genes exhibited di erentially in male zebrafish exposed EE2. The changes of the expression level of FBP genes induced by EE2 may be an important clue to elucidate the correlations of estrogen and hepatic tumors.     

土壤铜镉的植物可利用性评估模型

文章选择12种土类共57个不同土体为研究对象,分析了土壤的基本理化性质(pH、有机质、速效磷、阳离子代换量和粘粒含量)和土壤中铜、镉全量.利用SPSS13.0统计软件预测了土壤铜、镉的植物可利用性与土壤理化性质的相关模型,发现土壤中镉的植物可利用态含量与土壤中全镉、有机质、速效磷和阳离子代换量呈正相关,与土壤pH呈负相...     

铜在拔节期小麦中的亚细胞分布

为了解小麦对Cu的解毒及耐性机制,通过盆栽试验并采用差速离心法研究了Cu在拔节期小麦根和叶片中的亚细胞分布。研究表明,在Cu胁迫下根和叶亚细胞组分中Cu含量随胁迫浓度的升高呈上升趋势,Cu主要富集在小麦根部,向地上叶片中输送较少,小麦根部Cu含量是叶片中的1.7~4.1倍。细胞质可溶性部分和细胞壁是Cu在小麦细胞内分布的主要位点,分别占总量的36%~81%和14%~48%,细胞器中分布较少,提高Cu胁迫浓度增强了细胞质可溶性部分对Cu的区隔化作用,减弱了细胞壁对Cu的固持作用,同时减少了Cu在细胞器中的分布;叶片细胞壁对Cu的固定作用较强,根部细胞质可溶性部分对Cu的区隔化作用较强。分析表明,细胞壁的沉淀和细胞质的区隔化作用对小麦对Cu的耐性起着重要的作用。