电镀废水的铬污染特征及调控

以广东省潮州市彩塘不锈钢电镀区的水体为例,研究了电镀废水、底泥的Cr分布特征和基本特性,并针对废水基本特性,采用FeSO4进行调控,探讨如何将Cr6+转化Cr3+以及除去废水中Cr的途径。电镀废水中的总Cr和Cr6+分别为57.3mg/L、42.4mg/L,远远超过了电镀废水排放标准37、83倍,导致河流水体Cr6+超过环境质量标准。电镀废水具有低pH值和高电导率。电镀区底泥Cr大大超过背景值,底泥中的Cr残渣态含量最高,其次是氧化态、还原态,可溶态和碳酸盐态含量低,说明了底泥存在潜在危害性。FeSO4能有效地将Cr6+还原为Cr3+,Fe2+/Cr6+摩尔比为4具有很好转化效率,还原充分后将pH值调至9,对Cr3+具有最好的沉淀效果,通过该途径有效除去废水的Cr。     

铬对农作物生长的影响

选用从人民公园采集的种植土和玉米种子进行盆栽实验,待玉米长成后进行收割、自然风干、对其不同部位进行分割,并利用原子吸收分光光度法来测定不同质量分数铬(Cr)对植物生长的影响.得出实验结果:随着Cr质量分数的不断提高,玉米的发芽率,生物量和其长势都逐渐降低,玉米根系的舍Cr量远远大于茎部,是茎部的4～20倍.由实验得出的结论是:土壤中的Cr会对植物生长起阻碍作用,植物根系对Cr的吸附量远远大于茎部.     

焚烧法和厌氧消化法处理制革污泥中热值、硫、铬的比较

焚烧法和厌氧消化法都是利用制革污泥中热量的有效方法。比较两种方法所产生的热量,以及污泥处理过程中向大气排放的硫和铬,同时对铬的迁移作了初步的讨论。试验表明:焚烧法产生的热量多于厌氧消化方法,而厌氧消化方法中硫以及重金属铬的排放量明显小于焚烧法。     

Cr(Ⅵ)染毒对小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡以及凋亡相关蛋白的影响

为研究六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))对生物体的细胞凋亡以及凋亡相关蛋白的改变,用0、25、50和100 mg·kg-1的重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)对小鼠进行1d或持续5 d灌胃,检测肝脏细胞凋亡以及p53、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平和caspase-3酶的激活.实验结果显示,Cr(Ⅵ)染毒1 d或5 d后,小鼠肝细胞凋亡率随染毒剂量的增加而增加,并呈明显的剂量-反应关系;p53、Bax蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下降,easpase-3酶激活增加,且p53、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平和caspase-3酶激活水平在100mg·kg-1剂量组的2个染毒时间段与对照组相比均具有显著性差异,Bax蛋白表达水平仅在100 mg·kg-1染毒5 d的实验组与对照组相比具有显著性差异.结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)能诱导小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡,p53、Bcl-2、Bax和caspase-3在这个过程中可能起重要作用.     

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w...     

Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10~(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,c...     

Urea hydrolysis and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as MAP from stale human urine

Laboratory-scale tests for magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)precipitation following urea hydrolysis of human urine were conducted using orthogonal experiment design.The effects of initial pH,temperature and the volumetric ratios of stale urine to fresh urine,on urea hydrolysis in urine were studied to determine the final hydrolysis time to recover most nitrogen from separated human urine by MAP.With a volumetric ratio of stale to fresh urine>10% and at temperature≥20℃,urea hydrolysis could be completed i...     

Environmental behaviors of selenium in soil of typical selenosis area, China

Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confir...     

Preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip for detection of methamidophos residue

Methamidophos (Met) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide.Even a trace of its residue is harmful to humans and many animals.In this study,the synthesis and identification of colloidal gold particles and antibody-colloidal gold conjugates were performed,and the preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatography strip was conducted for detection of Met residue.The size of colloidal gold particles was checked using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The formation of antibody-coll...     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ) hydrolysis:Theoretical and experimental studies

In this study,the effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ)(Al)hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)_3(am))and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species.First,thermodynamic data of Al species at 4℃were calculated from that at 25℃.A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO_4Al_(12)(OH)_(24)~(7+)(Al_(13)),was involved in building the diagrams and,correspondingly,the non-linear simultaneous equations ...