土壤铜铅锌复合污染对水稻的生态效应

采用４水平３因子正交试验设计，通过盆栽试验，用添加法研究了铜、铅、锌及其复合污染的红壤性水稻土对水稻生长、产量、品质的综合影响。结果表明，当土壤受铜、铅、锌单一污染时，三元素对水稻的危害作用依次为锌〉铜〉铅，当土壤中铜、铅、锌都存在时，三元素之间具有协同危害作用，其危害作用依次为铜－铅〉铅－锌〉铜－锌。为使生态环境中食物链不受污染，提出了铜、铅、锌复合污染情况下红壤性水稻土中铜、铅、锌的临界限值为     

施用石灰对Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态及大白菜中累积的影响

重金属的不同形态对于作物吸收重金属及受害具有十分密切的关系,通过施用石灰改变重金属的形态、毒性以及对作物的影响具有重要的意义。以大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,探讨了在铅、镉和锌污染土壤上,施用石灰对土壤中不同形态镉、铅和锌含量及在大白菜中累积的影响。结果表明,施用石灰后,土壤中碳酸盐结合态Pb、Cd和Zn含量明显减少,铁、锰氧化物结合态和有机物结合态Pb、Cd和Zn含量明显增加;对大白菜吸收Pb、Cd和Zn均起到较好的抑制作用,石灰用量为5g·kg-1土时,对大白菜吸收Pb、Cd和Zn的抑制效果最好。     

土壤锌铁铜锰形态分布及其有效性

各土壤微量元素的形态分布特性有相似的规律，每个微量元素的各种形态都可以根据其对植物的有效性划分为两组．第一组形态分布百分率与植物有效性指数呈显著或极显著相关．第二组则呈显著或极显著负相关．因而第一组的形态为主要的有效养分源，第二组的形态很难为植物提供有效养分．减少相应元素转化成为第二组的形态和增加第一组各形态的储备容量是调节和控制土壤营养的重要措施．     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工业废水中的锌

以往对锌的测定,多采用双硫腙比色法、阳极溶出伏安法和EDTA容量法,但这些方法不是准确度差,就是操作繁琐不易掌握.实验证明,改用原子吸收光谱法进行测定,具有灵敏度高,精密度好且操作简便等特点.这不仅提高了监测工作的效率,而且避免了以往由于用化学试剂量多而引起二次污染.     

酸性条件下微米级锌铜双金属降解罗丹明B

通过置换反应得到最佳组成的微米级锌铜双金属（以下简称mZn/Cu）,以罗丹明B为目标污染物,研究了溶液初始pH、mZn/Cu用量和罗丹明B浓度等因素对mZn/Cu降解罗丹明B的影响,并通过单因素实验,确定了罗丹明B降解的最优条件。与单金属材料相比,由于mZn/Cu构成微电池显著提高了其供给电子的能力和化学活性,从而导致罗丹明B被更为有效降解。通过向反应体系中充入氮气去除溶解氧和加入自由基捕集剂叔丁醇和对苯醌,罗丹明B的降解率均有显著降低,并证实了在酸性条件下溶解氧从mZn/Cu表面获得电子,产生出具有强氧化性的羟基自由基和超氧根自由基,最终导致罗丹明B的氧化降解。由此可见,研究不仅基于通过简单置换反应获得的mZn/Cu材料提出了1种新的高级氧化技术,而且还探讨了其作用机理,从而为实现低成本、高效率的水体有机污染物降解提供有价值的参考。     

在模拟酸性海洋大气环境中锌缓蚀剂的研制

目的寻找有效抑制锌大气腐蚀的缓蚀剂配方。方法采用静态失重法、极化曲线法和交流阻抗法,研究模拟酸性海洋大气环境中,多聚磷酸钠单独使用以及分别与香草醛、碘化钾、硫脲复配使用时对锌腐蚀的缓蚀作用。结果多聚磷酸钠单独使用时对腐蚀介质中的锌具有较好的缓蚀作用,多聚磷酸钠与香草醛、碘化钾、硫脲之间有良好的协同缓蚀效应,最佳质量配比分别为3∶1,1∶2,1∶4。多聚磷酸钠以及多聚磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂属于混合抑制型缓蚀剂;它们能够在锌表面形成一层保护膜,从而抑制锌的腐蚀。结论寻找到的缓蚀剂配方能够有效抑制锌的大气腐蚀。     

Chemical fractionations and bioavailability of cadmium and zinc to cole （Brassica campestris L.） grown in the multi-metals contaminated oasis soil, northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the relationship between distribution of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and their availability to cole (Brassica campestris L.) grown in the multi-metal contaminated oasis soil in northwest of China. The results showed that Cd and Zn in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly found in the residual fractionation, however, with increasing contents of Cd and Zn in the oasis soil, the distribution of Cd and Zn changed significantly. The growth of cole could be promoted by low Cd and Zn concentration, but significantly restrained by high concentrations. There was antagonistic e ect among Cd and Zn in the multi-metals contaminated oasis soil. Stepwise regression analysis between fractionations distribution coe cients of the two meals in the soil and their contents in cole showed that both Cd and Zn in the exchangeable fractionation in the oasis soil made the most contribution on the uptake of Cd and Zn in cole. The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of Cd was greater than Zn in cole, and BCFs of the two metals in leaves were greater than those in roots. The translocation factors of the two metals in cole were greater than 1, and the two metals mainly accumulated in the edible parts in cole. Therefore, cole is not a suitable vegetable for the oasis soil because of the plants notable contamination by heavy metals.     

铜锌及其复合污染对西瓜种子萌发的影响

通过室内培养实验,研究了铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)单一及其复合污染对西瓜种子萌发的影响.结果表明,低浓度(20μmol/L)铜、锌单一及其复合处理对西瓜种子的发芽率没有影响,但增加了发芽指数、活力指数;促进r幼芽和幼根的伸长生长;提高了生物量的积累.高浓度(200 μmol/L)铜、锌单一及复合处理对西瓜种子的发芽率、发芽...     

Biosorption of Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ by raw and autoclaved Rocella phycopsis

The behavior of Cu2+ and Zn2+ biosorption onto raw and modified Roccella phycopsis from aqueous solutions was studied. Modification process was applied by autoclavation at 121°C for 30 min. The effcts of pH, initial metal concentration and biosorbent dosage were investigated. The maximum Cu2+ biosorption was achieved at pH 5.0 and the maximum biosorption capacities of 31.5 and 37.8 mg/g were recorded for raw and modified biosorbent, respectively. In the case of Zn2+ biosorption, maximum biosorption capacities were obtained at pH 4.0 as 29.1 and 35.3 mg/g for raw and modified biosorbent, respectively. Biosorption of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on all form of R. phycopsis increased much quickly with increasing initial metal concentrations from 10 to 100 mg/L. After modification process, probable changes in the surface polarity of raw and modified R. phycopsis were investigated by contact angle measurements. As expected, R. phycopsis has a polar surface and shows a highest contact angle with water, while after autoclavation water contact angle of R. phycopsis was significantly decreased from 47.5° to 34.4°.