酰胺基两性分子对二硫化钨吸附铀容量的影响机制

含铀废水中铀的回收主要是基于材料与[UO₂(H₂O)5]²⁺中UO₂⁽²⁺)之间的络合,但H₂O的电偶极矩对络合有显著弱化作用。采用酰胺基两性分子N,N-二甲基-9-癸烯酰胺(NADA)氢键作用与[UO₂(H₂O)5]²⁺形成UO₂[(H₂O)x C₁₂H₂₃NO]_n*(x<5,UO₂-Coordination Compound,简称UO₂-CC),选取惰性物质WS2为吸附材料,通过静态吸附试验(不同pH、接触时间、浓度和温度)分别研究其对UO₂²⁺和UO₂-CC的吸附量。动力学拟合结果表明,二者的吸附反应是化学吸附过程,UO_<     

离子特异性效应对紫色土孔隙状况的影响机制研究

土壤孔隙对土壤水分和养分迁移及水土保持有着关键作用,不同离子条件下土壤颗粒相互作用控制着土壤团聚体稳定性,而土壤团聚体形成和结构对土壤孔隙状况起重要影响。紫色土是三峡库区代表性土壤之一,探究离子特异性效应下颗粒的相互作用对紫色土孔隙状况的影响,对三峡库区水土生态环境安全具有重要意义。采用工业CT扫描技术和联合测定法分别对不同类型离子条件下的土壤孔隙状况和颗粒表面电荷性质进行测定,并分析其形成土壤孔隙特征差异原因。结果表明,(1)当浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1时,Cs⁺体系下土壤孔隙的数量分别是Li⁺、Na⁺和K⁺体系下的2.90、2.23和1.44倍,其中,Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺和Cs⁺体系下>1 mm孔隙数量分别占0.33%、1.06%、1.57%和1.88%;同时,Cs⁺体系下土壤最大孔隙的直径分别是Li⁺、Na⁺、...     

Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid （EDTA）, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid （MGWL） from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent （MR） and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

2020—2021年西安市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子变化特征

用离子色谱法对181份PM_2.5有效样品中NO^-₃、SO₄^2-、NH⁺₄、Cl^-和F^-等5种水溶性离子进行检测分析。结果表明,西安市PM_2.5的年均浓度为(71.04±51.80)μg·m^-3,季节变化特征表现为：冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。五种水溶性离子的年均浓度为(28.24±31.79)μg·m^-3,季节变化特征表现为：冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。各水溶性离子的年均浓度由大到小依次为：NO^-₃>SO₄^2->NH⁺₄>Cl^->F^-。NO^-₃在冬、春、秋三季...     

铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用,过渡族金属(Cu,Zn和Fe等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟,测定精度可达0.04‰,使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。     

离子色谱法测定环境空气中颗粒物中水溶性阴离子的方法验证

根据《环境空气颗粒物中水溶性阴离子(F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、NO₂^-、NO₃^-、PO₄^3-、SO₃^2-、SO₄^2-)的测定离子色谱法》HJ 799—2016要求,在本实验室仪器和环境条件下进行了实验室的方法验证实验,方法检出限、精密度、准确度等均符合标准要求,此方法在本实验室可行。     

深圳市道路环境空气中PM2.5水溶性离子污染特征

利用深圳市深南中路路边自动空气监测站的水溶性离子色谱监测仪的观测数据,对PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子进行污染特征解析。结果表明,观测期间深南中路路边子站PM_2.5中主要水溶性无机离子的总平均浓度为7.73μg/m³,占PM_2.5平均浓度的39.8%,是PM_2.5的重要组成。其中二次离子SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH⁴⁺的平均浓度分别为3.03μg/m³、1.97μg/m³和1.53μg/m³,占总离子平均浓度的84.5%,是最主要的水溶性离子。通过观测,分析了此站点发生的多次水溶性离子污染过程的成因、水溶性离子的的日变化特征及影响NH₄NO₃气粒分配的关键环境因素。     

济南市采暖期PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析

为了解采暖期济南市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子的污染特征,于2020年12月18日-2021年1月8日在市区手工采集PM_2.5样品,分别利用重量法和离子色谱法对PM_2.5和9种水溶性离子质量浓度进行了测定,对其污染特征和来源进行了分析。结果表明,济南市大气中PM_2.5质量浓度均值为(78±52)μg/m³,水溶性离子质量浓度均值为(43.2±32.7)μg/m³,在PM_2.5中占比55.3%,是PM_2.5的主要组分;随着污染加重,NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-等二次离子(SNA)在PM_2.5中占比显著提高,二次转化明显增强;SOR、NOR与风速、气压、混合层高度呈负相关,与气温、湿度呈正相关,在静稳天气下更容易产生二次转化;观测期间PM_2.5...