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161.
为了探明14CO2(14C)在环境中的行为,采用同位素示踪技术研究了金鱼藻对14CO2的吸收和积累动态,并探讨了金鱼藻作为监测大气14CO2污染指示植物的可能性.结果表明,生长在水中的金鱼藻会通过某些途径吸收空气中14CO2并形成积累趋势,吸收途径主要是金鱼藻通过光合作用从水体中吸收游离14CO2和H14CO3-.金鱼... 相似文献
162.
163.
The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities
in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant
community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus
by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings.
Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by
competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture
culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a
competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of
phosphorus. 相似文献
164.
This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde
(MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate
peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden
soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast
the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in
substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the
highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity
of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were
observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX
activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism
towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus. 相似文献
165.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3
concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted
overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional
frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O3 significantly decreased
yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant
interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the
non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded
that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth. 相似文献
166.
Achour Terbouche Chafia Ait Ramdane-Terbouche Didier Hauchar Safia Djebbar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1095-1103
The adsorption capacities of new humic acids isolated from Yakouren forest (YHA) and Sahara (Tamenrasset: THA) soils (Algeria)
and commercial humic acid (PFHA) on polyaniline emeraldine base (PEB) were studied at pH 6.6. Also the adsorption of heavy
metals such as Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on humic acid-polyaniline systems (HA-PEB) was investigated at the same conditions. HA-PEB
compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry and cavity microelectrode. In addition,
batch adsorption and cavity microelectrode were used in the adsorption study of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB. To develop biocaptors
of polluting metals using a cavity microelectrode modified by HA-PEB systems, the adsorption kinetic and adsorption capacity were
investigated. The SEM analysis showed that the presence of humic acid affected the PEB surface and caused the formation of a
granular morphology. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of PFHA, THA and YHA determined by adsorption isotherms were
91.31, 132.1 and 151.0 mg/g, respectively. Batch adsorption results showed that qmax of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB followed
the order: THA-PEB > YHA-PEB > PFHA-PEB. The voltammograms obtained with HA-PEB modified cavity microelectrode showed
the appearance of new redox couples reflecting the adsorption of HA on PEB. Metal-humic acid-polyaniline voltammograms were
characterized by appearance of oxidation-reduction couples or reduction wave corresponding to metal. Finally, the result may be
exploited to develop a biocaptor based on the cavity microelectrode amended by THA-PEB and YHA-PEB. 相似文献
167.
产表面活性剂根际菌协同龙葵修复镉污染土壤 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从某矿区重金属污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株能产生物表面活性剂的根际细菌LKS06,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas sp.LKS06).生物学特性的测定表明,菌株LKS06对多种重金属有很高的耐受性,且具有分泌吲哚乙酸、产铁载体和ACC脱氨酶活性的能力,并对土壤重金属... 相似文献
168.
土壤重金属污染的生物修复技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着城市化和工业化的加速,土壤的重金属污染问题日趋严重。生物修复技术作为一种环境友好型治理措施越来越受到关注,其主体主要包括植物修复、动物修复以及微生物修复。文章首先综述了生物修复土壤重金属污染的机理及其研究进展,其中植物修复包括降解、提取、挥发、根系钝化以及固定等,而微生物修复机理主要包括生物富集、生物吸着以及生物转化;其次分析了生物修复技术的局限性,如超富集植物积累重金属的单一性,植物的生长速度慢、积累效率低、适应性弱,微生物的种间拮抗作用等;最后对其发展前景提出展望,认为通过加强国际交流,重视多学科的交叉应用,以及合理配置人才与资源等措施,有利于突破技术瓶颈,发展出更具应用价值的复合修复技术。 相似文献
169.
郭民生 《资源节约和综合利用》2011,(7):26-27
实现市场竞争的优势化实质就是在我国全面实施知识产权战略的前提下,通过科学规划,超前布局,集中力量,在涉及我国科技、文化、经济、贸易等领域,不断积累和掌握我们的后发优势——知识产权优势。 相似文献
170.
《资源节约和综合利用》2011,(9):1-1
经过30年的模仿、跟踪和追赶,我国科学进入比较活跃的创新阶段,并开始向自主创新过渡。2010年我国发明专利申请量超过39万件,居世界第二位;科研论文数量也已跃居全球第二。 相似文献