“袖”出来的美丽——记安庆石化女监火员杨涛

2月20日,阳光灿烂。接连十多天的阴雨,让久违了阳光的人们,在安庆石化大修工地上显得格外地斗志昂扬。工地附近的道路边,不经意间总是晃过一个个带着袖章的人,依稀见得上面有"安全监查"或"监火"等字样。袖章一闪而过,红得红,黄得黄,像一道     

大容量制氮装置在FPSO惰气系统上的应用研究

FPSO作为海洋石油开采的核心设施,为自身和周围钻采平台提供能源,将生产平台产出的油气水混合体进行处理,将合格的原油存储在储油舱内,合格原油存储在储油舱内达到外输的需求后,由外输系统将合格的原油输送到穿梭油轮上进行外贸交易,在外输过程中随着原油的减少,油舱内的压力会减少甚至成负压,为了解决此问题,FPSO上都安装有惰气发生器,使之产生惰气用来填补原油舱的压力,封舱用的惰气均采用燃烧和锅炉尾气补燃方式来获取惰气,为了满足封舱的要求需净化,降温后使用,消耗的一次能源为柴油和天然气,二次能源为电能。本研究意图将大容量制氮装置应用在FPSO上取代现在的惰气发生装置,在外输时利用干净、常温的合格氮气作为大仓的覆盖气体。     

连续流膜生物反应器中好氧颗粒污泥的形成及机制探讨

为了探讨好氧颗粒污泥在连续流膜生物反应器(MBR)中的形成过程和机制,采用连续流试验的方法,研究了好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中膜反应器内污染物的去除效果和好氧颗粒污泥特性的变化,并对连续流MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制进行了探讨.结果显示,连续流MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的形成增强了MBR的运行稳定性和抗冲击能力.废水中微生物抑制...     

垃圾渗滤液的膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺述评

采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜吸收法烟气脱硫实验研究

采用质量分数为30%的甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液为烟气SO2吸收液,聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维微孔膜组件为吸收器,研究吸收液温度、流量变化,气体停留时间,以及气液两相流程等操作条件对聚丙烯(PP)中宅纤维膜脱硫率的影响,研究表明30%MDEA水溶液在温度35℃,流量100mL/min的最佳试验条件下,经过一个膜吸收过程...     

曝气强度对膜生物反应器处理石化废水工艺运行特征的影响

采用膜生物反应器(Membrane Bioreactor,MBR)处理石化废水,研究曝气强度分别为1.50,3.00 m3/(m2·h)的条件下,MBR对石化废水中主要污染物的去除特征、跨膜压差(Trans Membrane Pressure,TMP)和混合液性质的变化特征。结果表明:在两种曝气强度条件下MBR对COD、NH+4-N及挥发酚等污染物的平均去除率分别为80.74%、80.23%、96.79%和97.55%、99.34%、98.84%,即在不同曝气条件下,曝气强度的变化对MBR的污染物去除性能无显著影响。但随着曝气强度由1.50 m3/(m2·h)增加到3.00 m3/(m2·h),MBR达到设定的最大跨膜压差(TMPMax=25k Pa)的运行时间由11.8 d增加到31.4 d,TMP上升速率降低。通过活性污泥颗粒粒径分析发现:增加曝气强度后,对膜污染影响显著的活性污泥颗粒粒径范围(0~2μm)所占体积比由2.10%减小到1.78%;并且混合液中溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial product,SMP)和胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)质量浓度分别由24.07 mg/L和15.66 mg/g减小到15.14 mg/L和9.81 mg/g,从而降低了膜污染速率。     

Inhibitory effects of nisin-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube sheet on biofilm formation from Bacillus anthracis spores

Multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly（methyl methacrylate） film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces.     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

日本膜技术的发展与产业化及其借鉴意义

对日本膜技术发展历史及现状进行了系统梳理。研究表明,经过数十年持续不断的投入,日本膜技术已广泛应用在净水处理、生活污水处理、工业废水处理及脱盐等领域,并在国际市场占据重要地位。虽然受本土市场规模的局限,超滤微滤膜在日本给水处理领域的处理规模仅为1.3×106m3d,反渗透膜脱盐能力为1.44×106m3d,但日本的超滤微滤膜在全球给排水领域的应用约为1.0×107m3d,反渗透膜产品在全球的应用超过3.0×107m3d。建议我国膜企业应借鉴日本膜产业的发展经验,加大膜企业的研发投入,加强膜技术的研发创新能力,通过提供更高性价比的产品和卓越的技术服务开拓国际市场。     

膜曝气生物反应器处理模拟啤酒废水的研究

以聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜构建无泡曝气膜生物反应器(MABR)处理模拟啤酒废水,在保持进水COD∶TN∶TP=100∶5∶1条件下,通过正交实验确定反应器的最佳运行条件,并在此条件下考察了反应器对啤酒废水中COD、氨氮和总磷的去除能力。研究表明,反应器对啤酒废水中的COD、氨氮有着良好的去除效果,系统稳定时COD与氨氮的平均去除率分别为88.6%和92.4%,此外MABR工艺具有较强的抗有机负荷冲击能力。但反应器对总磷的去除效果不够理想,平均去除率在30%左右。