生态服务价值评价在山区城市土地规划中的应用——以万源市太平镇为例

生态系统服务价值的变化决定着区域的可持续发展,其评估已成为生态学研究的热点之一,其研究结果对维持地区生态平衡、合理利用土地资源、建立可持续的土地利用模式等具有重要意义。本文在综合已有研究的基础上,通过估算万源市太平镇不同海拔高度土地生态服务价值量,探讨经济发展与生态服务价值变化的关系。结果表明,城市规划区的自然生态系统服务功能的价值是不可忽视的,自然生态系统无论是从物质上还是经济上,都为万源市太平镇的国民经济和社会可持续发展提供者重要支撑。从生态系统服务功能角度,海拔750 m高程是太平镇城市用地扩张的控制线。     

基于能值分析的滨海湿地生态系统服务价值定量化研究进展

在滨海湿地生态系统服务价值评价中,能值方法克服了传统经济学方法的一些不足,对评价沿海地区发展的可持续性具有重要意义,并成为近十年来环境经济学和生态经济学研究的热点问题。综合国内外滨海湿地生态系统服务价值能值评价的研究进展,就滨海湿地生态系统的供给、调节、文化和支持服务价值的能值估算方法进行了分析。在此基础上,指出了目前该方法应用于滨海湿地生态系统服务价值评价主要存在能值转换率的选用不一致、生态系统服务价值的能值估算方法需要完善、能值分析所应用的滨海湿地类型较少、缺少对人类活动引起的生态系统服务能值变化的评价及检验评价结论正确性的标准等不足,并提出了进一步的研究方向。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

Research on the Industrial Symbiosis Supporting System of Eco-industrial Park

The establishment and development of the industrial symbiosis of eco-industrial park are affected by several factors. Based on the formed industrial symbiosis supporting system chart, this article analyzes the microcosmic supporting system and macroscopic supporting system. In the microcosmic supporting system, it elaborates five aspects including key enterprises, service intermediaries in the park, symbiotic enterprises, competitors and the public in detail. Then it describes the macroscopic supporting system from four aspects of governmental participation, technological innovation, educational promotion and cultural support. Finally, combining with the current construction status of the ecoindustrial park in China, it proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to build the supporting system for the eco-industrial park and provides theoretical support for the faster and better construction of the eco-industrial park in China.     

湖泊生态安全评估项目简介

由于湖泊流域社会经济快速发展,而污染治理设施滞后,氮,磷等污染负荷削减不力,致使我国众多湖泊水库长期接纳过量营养盐,湖泊水库富营养化程度普遍较高,湖泊水库水体处于“水华”频发的高生态风险状态之下,我国大中型湖泊水库的富营养化不仅导致水生生态系统及其服务多功能的退化,其引起的频率水华暴发现状已直接影响到湖泊水库周边及下游城镇,     

从生态文明的基本理念看中国传统文化的现代价值

生态文明是一种正在生成和发展的文明范式。它是继工业文明之后,人类文明发展的又一个高级阶段。生态文明的基本理念是人与自然的和谐发展。生态文明的经济模式是生态经济,这种经济把人类的经济系统视为生态系统的一部分,而不是强行把生态系统纳入人类的经济系统。生态文明强调人类整体利益的优先性,倡导全球治理和世界公民理念。突显自然的整体性及其内在价值的有机自然观是生态文明的重要价值理念。生态文明的价值观既关注人的权利（特别是普遍人权）,更强调关怀与责任,倡导和谐与理性消费。     

要闻扫描

海洋冰层融化威胁海洋生物生存 科学家近期发现：全球变暖导致北冰洋海洋冰层融化,稀释海洋表层海水浓度,从而致一些贝壳类水生动物于危险的境地,这些贝壳类水生动物需要海水中的矿物质来形成他们的壳以及身体骨骼。这一研究发现发表在《科学》杂志上,研究者郑重警告这有可能对北冰洋生态系统带来严重的影响。     

论我国生态补偿制度的完善——以生态系统服务功能为视角

生态补偿制度是以保护和可持续利用生态系统服务为目的,调节相关利益者关系的制度安排。生态系统服务功能指自然生态系统及其物种所提供的能够满足和维持人类生活需要的条件和过程。生态系统服务功能与生态补偿制度关系密切,生态补偿制度的最终目标是恢复、维护和改善生态系统服务功能。我国生态补偿制度处于起步阶段,需要学习并借鉴国际上其他国家的先进经验,从而完善我国的生态补偿制度。     

挥之不去的青藏情结

我在长江头,家住长江尾,保护长江水源,就是保护家乡水。几乎每个青藏铁路建设者当年都是怀着这样的心愿走向青藏高原的。在青藏高原逐渐隆起的漫长过程中,生成了草甸、湿地、冻土等独特的高原生态系统,孕育了长江、黄河、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江的源头。这里栖息着藏野驴、藏羚羊等珍稀的野生动物,气候寒冷,空气稀薄,生态环境脆弱。     

生态安全：人类可持续生存和发展的基础

20世纪以来,导致生态失衡的人为压力急剧加重,生态系统健康延续受到越来越严重的威胁,不断损害着经济社会可持续发展的基础。在这种情况下,有必要让更多的人理解生态安全,以便自觉地承担起维护生态安全的责任。为此,我们邀请安徽农业大学资源与环境学院马成泽教授,全面解读生态安全。