二元酚的五氟苯甲酰氯衍生研究

以五氟苯甲酰氯作衍生剂,GC/ECD为检测手段,对邻、间、对苯二酚及3,5-甲苯二酚进行了衍生研究,实验表明,四个二元酚特别是邻、对苯二酚在碱性水溶液中皆不稳定,采用与普通酚同样的衍生方法难以得到定量衍生,相反,其衍生物在水相和有机相中都很稳定.本文讨论了影响二元酚衍生的主要因素,并在此基础上确立了二元酚的最佳衍生条件.为评价方法的回收率,于纯水中加入浓度分别为2及10ppb的二元酚,回收率为67—98％,最大相对标准偏差小于6％.方法的最低检测浓度为0.45—4.4ppb.     

山苍籽油抑制黑曲霉生长的细胞学机制

采用电镜、多维显微、快速显微图像分析，并与计算机技术相结合，研究天然山苍籽香精油抗黑曲霉的机理，获得了单纯使用光学显微镜或电镜难以获得的结果，表明该香精油能直接通过损伤黑曲霉质膜，改变其膜的物理参数和选择通透性而进入细胞，诱发细胞的一系列因素，从而导致孢子失去萌发力，并抑制菌丝体生长．图2表1参12     

臭氧降解乐果机理探讨

研究了臭氧对乐果的降解效果及其影响因素。试验结果表明,当初始臭氧浓度为10mg·L-1时,5min内可使乐果降解80%左右,延长反应时间,乐果降解率无明显增加。同时,通过在乐果和臭氧的反应液中再分别添加重碳酸盐与叔丁醇,探讨臭氧降解乐果的反应机理,结果表明臭氧降解乐果是分子反应。GC-MS检测经臭氧处理的水样发现有氧化乐果存在,表明若臭氧处理不完全,水样中可产生毒副产物。     

KROFTA气浮装置在原理上的三大突破：浅池理论,零速原理,新溶气机理

本文针对代表气浮净水技术最新发展的ＫＲＯＦＴＡ气浮装置,对比着传统气浮装置,就池深,进出水扰动,溶气机理等方面进行了较为系统的理论总结和提高,对指导气浮净水装置的发展很有寿命。     

黄河循化—贵南段两种地方病与水文地质环境的关系初探

黄河上游两岸广泛分布着甲状腺肿与地方性氟病,经过调查分析,这两种地方病是在特定的水文地质环境中形成的,合理利用地下水是解决这两种地方病的有效途径     

复合型人工湿地对抚仙湖入湖河道污水中氮的去除

在抚仙湖北岸构建复合型人工湿地污水处理系统,对窑泥沟入湖河道污水中氮的去除效果进行了试验研究,结果表明,系统水力负荷年平均为37mm/d,氮负荷年平均为3.315g/m2·d,对污水中NOx、NH+4、TON和TN去除率年平均分别为62.7%、53.8%、62.4%和57.5%.     

Laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes,paint pigments,manufacturing units etc.Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent(Cr^3 )and hexavalent (Cr^6 )forms.The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life,whereas Cr^3 is however comparatively less toxic.This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation.The study was conducted in four phase Ⅰ,the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected.As a result,pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively.Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta hisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency in reducing Cr^6 to Cr^3 ,and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process.A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents.Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr^3 to chromium hydroxide by using lime.An efficiency of 100% was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent.Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries,when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100% efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.     

城市污水脱氮除磷方法探讨

本文综述了城市污水脱氮降磷工艺的几种主要方法，指出生物法因工艺简单、处理能力强、运行方式灵活等优点已成为近年来一种污水处理的重要方法，得到广泛应用。     

济南化工厂大气氟污染对城市社会生态环境的影响

本文通过济南市化工厂工业氟污染源搬迁前后氟化氢污染状况对比，分析了氟污染对该区社会生态环境的影响。论述了氟利昂生产车间搬迁前氟污染对城市社会生态环境造成的危害和搬迁后城市社会生态环境的改善。