乌鲁木齐大气PM2.5对质粒DNA的损伤研究

2012年1月~2012年12月采集乌鲁木齐大气PM2.5样品,使用质粒DNA评价法研究了不同季节PM2.5的氧化能力,并进行氧化性毒性与相应气象因素和质量浓度之间的相关性研究.结果表明,乌鲁木齐大气PM2.5的质量浓度具有冬季最高,春季和秋季次之,夏季最低的季节性变化特征;PM2.5全样和水溶部分氧化能力的季节差异较大,对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤具有冬季最大,春季和夏季之次,秋季最低.冬、春、夏、秋季大气PM2.5全样的TD30(PM2.5对质粒DNA造成破坏达到30%所需要的颗粒物的剂量)平均值分别为440,491,503,515μg/mL,水溶部分分别为474,721,666,600μg/mL.绝大部分PM2.5样品全样的TD30值均小于水溶部分样,表明全样的毒性大于相应的水溶部分样.全样TD30值与平均温度显著(P<0.05)正相关,表明寒冷的天气/季节可能造成PM2.5的高毒性.水溶样TD30值与风速显著(P<0.01)正相关,与相对湿度显著负相关.这表明,高的风速和低的相对湿度可能跟较低和较高的PM2.5的毒性有关.PM2.5氧化性损伤能力的大小与其质量浓度之间的相关性不明显,表明仅以颗粒物的质量浓度来评价大气颗粒物氧化性损伤能力大小的方法并不能真实地反映其对人体健康的危害程度,起决定作用的还是颗粒物的化学组成及其表面吸附的有害成分.     

生物法处理海上油田含聚生产污水研究报告

应用"倍加清"特种微生物技术,结合"气浮+生化+固液分离"的处理工艺,以中海油绥中SZ36-1陆上终端含聚污水为水质样本,研究生物法处理海上油田含聚生产污水的效果。结果表明,该工艺处理后出水可达"1.5.2"的水质标准,远优于"10.10.3"的注入水质指标要求,并确定了相关技术参数。该技术具备处理效果好、适应来水水质范围大、环境友好等优势。但由于空间重量的限制,尚不适用于海上油田平台的生产水处理工艺。     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue（MB） over Fe-doped CaTiO3 under UV-visible light was investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） system, Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. The results show that the doping with Fe significantly promoted the light absorption ability of CaTiO3 in the visible light region. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than CaTiO3 for the degradation of MB.However, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped CaTiO3 was greatly influenced by the calcination temperature during the preparation process. The Fe-doped CaTiO3 prepared at500°C exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with degradation of almost 100% MB（10 ppm）under UV-visible light for 180 min.     

《环境工程技术学报》投稿须知

正文稿应具有创新性、科学性、先进性、实用性,内容务求论点明确、论证可信、论据充分、数据准确、逻辑推理正确,文章结构严谨、层次清楚、重点突出、文笔精练、图表规范,并且是未在其他公开发行期刊或正式出版的论文集发表的作品。稿件需要清楚地提出问题。对所研究问题的背景,研究工作的目的,主要方法、原理与主要仪器设备,结果(包括主要数据)与分析以及结论等内容有清楚的描述。     

《环境工程技术学报》投稿须知

正文稿应具有创新性、科学性、先进性、实用性,内容务求论点明确、论证可信、论据充分、数据准确、逻辑推理正确,文章结构严谨、层次清楚、重点突出、文笔精练、图表规范,并且是未在其他公开发行期刊或正式出版的论文集发表的作品。稿件需要清楚地提出问题。对所研究问题的背景,研究工作的目的,主要方法、原理与主要仪器设备,结     

贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律研究

17β-雌二醇作为环境甾体雌激素污染的主要污染物之一,广泛分布于自然环境中。采用批次实验,研究了在贫营养条件下17β-雌二醇厌氧生物降解规律。结果表明,在贫营养条件下,厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除率达到90%(35℃,76 d),且降解作用主要集中在快速降解阶段,降解规律符合一级降解动力学模型(R2=0.95);厌氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的去除主要是通过转化为雌性效力较低的雌酮,再由雌酮转化为其他的转化产物,如17α-雌二醇;Fe(Ⅲ)对17β-雌二醇的去除和转化没有显著的影响。接种污泥的内源代谢作用产生甲烷,Fe(Ⅲ)的存在可以提高甲烷的产率,但对甲烷的总量没有显著影响。     

植物性食物中重金属生物可利用性研究进展

重金属生物可利用性是衡量重金属污染对人体危害的重要指标,也是健康风险评价中最为关键的因子。该文以植物性食物中重金属生物可利用性为出发点,综述了国内外有关重金属在土壤、植物以及人体中的生物可利用性最新研究进展,分析了化学提取法、植物指示法和生物模拟法在重金属生物可利用性研究中的应用现状,并提出了未来的研究方向和重点。     

厌氧共代谢分解难降解有机物的研究进展

文章介绍了厌氧共代谢的提出、作用机制、调控研究及应用现状,从共代谢技术的基质类型、菌群结构和代谢途径三方面综述了国内外有关厌氧共代谢作用机制的研究现状、发展趋势,并着重分析了厌氧共代谢的调控技术和应用情况,展望了厌氧共代谢技术的未来研究方向,为解决难降解有机污染物的治理瓶颈提供借鉴和参考。