Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis (CA) for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BOD5, CODCr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of river ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assesment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 “healthy” and “sub-healthy” sites and 8 “sub-sick” and “sick” sites.     

超声波在低声能密度下处理污泥的实验研究

文章采用超声波在0.014W/mL、0.025W/mL、0.031W/mL、0.035W/mL四个声能密度水平下,作用时间在0～60min范围内对生活污水厂污泥进行处理。研究结果表明:在低声能密度下,超声波处理污泥45min可以使可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)溶出率超过10%,同时可以使污泥中氨氮的含量降到5mg/L左右。     

SBR工艺设计经验探讨

提出了SBR工艺中,反应池容积、反应时间以及需氧量的计算方法和设计经验。同时,在研读和对比国内外相关资料的基础上,探讨了SBR工艺发生污泥膨胀的可能性和原因,介绍了控制方法与措施。     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。     

利用共基质代谢提高活性污泥法处理焦化废水COD的效率

焦化废水中含有大量的有机污染物,通过实验发现,采用常规活性污泥法处理,进水COD为2000mg／L左右时,出水COD在350—700mg／L之间,COD的去除率仅为60％-70％,难以达到国家排放标准。根据共代谢机理,向焦化废水生化处理系统中投加共代谢初级基质,促进难降解有机物被微生物降解,从而使COD的去除率提高到75％～85％。     

曝气生物滤池在印染废水处理中的应用

采用曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水的二级生化出水。废水COD浓度从进水90～140mg/L降到80mg/L以下,色度从32倍降到16倍以下,排放水质稳定达到广东省《水污染排放限值DB44/26-2001》第一时段一级标准。通过近半年的试验表明,曝气生物滤池工艺具有占地面积少、运行稳定、成本低、出水水质好等优点,在印染废水后段深度处理中有重要的作用。     

电催化法预处理合成香料废水的研究与应用

针对合成香料废水有机污染物浓度高、毒性大、难降解及含盐量高等问题,以某香料厂实际废水作为研究对象,采用电催化氧化的方法对其进行试验研究,考察了pH值、槽电压、气体流量、温度、反应时间等因素对其CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明,这种方法能有效去除废水中的CODCr,特别是pH值、槽电压这2个因素对CODCr的去除率影响较大.利用试验中所建立的优化操作条件在100m3/d规模的实际合成香料废水预处理工程实践中,对CODCr的处理效率稳定在75%～90%.对后续生物处理过程基本不构成影响.     

重铬酸钾法测定水中化学需氧量的不确定度评定

力求全面分析重铬酸钾法测定水中化学需氧量测量不确定度的来源,并以实例演示了化学需氧量测量不确定度的评定全过程。     

电化学法测定化学需氧量的研究及应用动态

总结了近年来的电化学法测定化学需氧量的研究进展及在线自动监测领域的应用现状。介绍了电化学法快速、准确和低耗、无二次污染的特点,指出了电化学法是实现化学需氧量快速检测和在线自动监测的发展方向之一,具有广阔的应用前景和深入研究的价值。     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.