福建省非煤矿山安全专项整治会议在厦门召开

为了宣传贯彻国家安监总局、全省安全生产工作会议精神和宣传贯彻《金属非金属矿山安全规程》,部署2007年度全省非煤矿山安全整治工作.3月19日至21日,福建省安监局矿山处在厦门市召开全省非煤矿山安全专项整治和《金属非金属矿山安全规程》宣传贯彻会议.     

Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments of Haihe River, China

The amounts and forms of phosphorus (P) in surface sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, North China, were examined using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including loosely sorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and residual P (Res-P) (organic and refractory P), were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of di erent P fractions in the sediments varied greatly. The total P (TP) contents ranged from 968 to 2017 mg/kg. Phosphorus contents in NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P, and HCl-P ranged from 6.7 to 26.6 mg/kg, 54.5 to 90.2 mg/kg, 185.2 to 382.5 mg/kg, and 252.3 to 425.5 mg/kg, respectively, which represented 1.2%–3.2%, 7.7%–13%, 33.3%–48.9%, and 36.2%–54.2% of the sedimentary inorganic P, respectively. For all the sediment samples, the rank order of P-fractions was Res-P > HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P. The highly positive relationship between the amounts of P released from the sediments and those in the NH4Cl-P and BD-P fractions, indicated that NH4Cl-P and BD-P were the main fractions that can release P easily.     

上海大气超细颗粒物和工业纳米颗粒的表征及细胞毒性的比较研究

采集了上海市石洞口地区2010年春季不同粒径大气颗粒物样品,使用ICP-AES和FESEM技术分析了颗粒物的化学组成和微观特征,比较了不同粒径的大气颗粒物与3种工业纳米颗粒物的生物活性.结果表明,在染毒剂量为25、50、100和200μg.mL-1时,大气颗粒物水溶组分和不溶组分及工业纳米颗粒均可以抑制A549细胞生长活性并能诱导细胞产生活性氧(ROS),且大气细颗粒水溶组分生物活性最强,在上述染毒剂量下对细胞生长活性的抑制率分别达到13.31%、18.15%、20.43%和23.78%.在纳米尺度的颗粒物染毒组分中,纳米NiO的生物活性最强,在上述染毒剂量下对细胞生长活性的抑制率分别达到11.81%、15.12%、17.62%和19.44%.因此,大气细颗粒物水溶组分是最主要的毒性成分.     

矿物质组分对低品质生物质热解过程的影响

通过酸洗脱除低品质生物质（鸡粪与猪粪）中的矿物质组分,并使用热重分析仪对酸洗前后样品的热解行为进行了研究.结果表明,由于两种农林废物的有机组成和矿物质含量不同,导致其热解行为差异较大.鸡粪中含有大量的CaCO3,其在高温下分解放出CO2,并与鸡粪半焦中的碳发生气化反应.酸洗不但改变了禽畜粪便中矿物质的含量,而且改变了该...     

Effect of moisture regime on the redistribution of heavy metals in paddy soil

Sequential extraction procedure was applied to assess the dynamics of solid-phase transformation of added Cu, Pb, Cd, and Hg in a typical Chinese paddy soil incubated under three moisture regimes (75% field capacity, wetting-drying cycle, and flooding). The heavy metals spiked in the soil were time-dependently transferred from the easily extractable fraction (the exchangeable fraction) into less labile fractions (Fe-Mn oxide- and organic matter-bound fractions), and thus reduced lability of the metals. No significant changes were found for the carbonate-bound and residual fractions of the heavy metals in the soil during the whole incubation. Change rate of the mobility factor (MF), a proportion of weakly bound fractions (exchangeable and carbonate-bound) in the total metal of soil, reflected the transformation rate of metal speciation from the labile fractions toward stable fractions. It was found that soil moisture regime did not change the direction and pathways of transformation of metal speciation, but it significantly a ected the transformation rate. In general, the paddy soil under flooding regime had higher metal reactivity compared with 75% field capacity and wetting-drying cycle regimes, resulting in the more complete movement of metals toward stable fractions. This might be related to the increased pH, precipitation of the metals with sulfides and higher concentration of amorphous Fe oxides under submerged condition.     

海上船载油品急性生物毒性等级分级方法研究

采用油品水融合组分(WAF)-发光细菌法对WAF制备过程中的搅拌速度、搅拌时间、搅拌温度、静置时间等影响因素进行优化,确定最佳检测条件,并对19种海上船载油品的急性生物毒性进行毒性等级分级研究.研究结果表明,发光细菌法能够检测出不同油品的急性生物毒性,不但具有良好的区分性,而且具有操作便捷、试验成本低和试验周期短等优点...     

PM2.5诱导肝脏脂肪变性的体外研究及其关键组分初探

细颗粒物(PM_2.5)暴露与非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的发病风险增加有关.NAFLD的典型特征是肝脏脂肪变性.然而,PM_2.5诱导的肝脂肪变性的潜在机制和关键成分仍不清楚.本研究以HepG2细胞为体外模型,将采自我国4个城市(太原、北京、杭州和广州)的PM_2.5暴露细胞24 h,暴露结束后通过细胞生化指标检测、染色观察、荧光定量PCR技术及皮尔森相关性检验评估PM_2.5及其化学组分对肝细胞脂质积累的影响.结果发现,不同城市的PM_2.5均以剂量依赖的方式降低了细胞活力,广州市PM_2.5的细胞毒性相对较强.此外,同等浓度下(30μg·mL^-1),广州市PM_2.5暴露细胞引起的脂质积累现象明显高于对照组及其他城市暴露组,而北京市和杭州市PM_2.5暴露细胞24 h并未引起明显的细胞脂质积累.相关性分析结果显示,钒(V)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)、锡(Sn)、锑(Sb)及钨(W)与至少两种肝细胞脂质...     

2018～2020年北京市大气PM2.5污染特征及改善原因

利用2018～2020年北京市33个环境评价站和5个区域评价站的空气质量数据,以及气象数据和北京市城区PM_2.5组分数据,研究了3年间北京PM_2.5的浓度演变、时空变化和重污染发生情况,并对PM_2.5组分和气象条件变化进行比较分析.结果发现,3年间北京市ρ(PM_2.5)分别为51、42和38μg·m^-3,2020年的PM_2.5相比2017年下降30.9%,但仍超过国际标准8.6%;北京市PM_2.5空间分布依旧维持南高北低的特征,但南北差异逐年减小,区域浓度趋于均一化;1～3月PM_2.5浓度相对较高,8～9月PM_2.5浓度相对较低,采暖季各污染物浓度均显著高于非采暖季,NO_x和CO分别偏高58.4%和52.9%,PM_2.5偏高27.5%;采暖季和非采暖季PM_2.5日变化出现反向特征,采暖季夜间PM_2.5明显...     

深圳市大气颗粒物分粒径有效密度及影响因素

为探究深圳市大气颗粒物分粒径有效密度变化特征及其影响因素,本文将离心颗粒物质量分析仪(CPMA)与差分电迁移粒径分析仪(DMA)联用,通过粒径筛分测定了2020年9月~2021年2月粒径范围为50~500nm的深圳市大气颗粒物分粒径有效密度.结果表明:深圳市大气颗粒物的中值有效密度范围在1.29~1.53g/cm³,颗粒物有效密度均随颗粒物粒径增加而增大,秋季有效密度略低于冬季.清洁时期,有效密度较低且观察到双峰分布,低密度颗粒物中值有效密度在0.70~0.80g/cm³范围内,表明存在新鲜排放的黑碳颗粒物,高密度颗粒物中值有效密度在1.3~1.5g/cm³范围内,介于二次无机颗粒物和有机物的材料密度之间,推测为二者混合状态.污染时期,不同粒径有效密度值增加且呈现单峰分布,表明颗粒物呈现内混态.在新粒子生成事件中,气态硝酸凝结可能是大气颗粒物后续粒径增长和有效密度增加的主要原因.