温泉沐浴可治病

温泉其实就是一种温热的地下水,当降水渗入地下深处,受到地下高温、高压的长期作用,逐渐溶解了岩层中的化学成分,而后遇到地层裂缝并涌出地表时,就形成了温泉。当地下热水能经常得到地表水的补充时,温泉水就会源源不断地流出来。温泉一般根据水温可分为:温泉(水温为25～37℃)、热泉(水温在38～42℃)和高热泉(水温为42℃以上)几类。根据水质所含的化学成分不同,温泉又可分为碳酸泉、重碳酸泉、硫酸盐泉、硫黄泉、硫化氢泉、碘泉、氡泉等类型。温泉的医疗作用,在我国的许多古籍中早有记载,如汉代张衡《温泉碑》中即提到:“有疾厉兮,温泉泊焉。”郦道元《水经注》里曾提到:“大融山石出温场,沐浴可治病。”根     

预案演练不能总是按照套路出牌

最近,在电视新闻中有这样一组镜头,某单位为了强化安全工作,开展了大规模的应急预案演练活动.为了使演练活动能够营造氛围,深入人心,扩大影响,他们提前下发通知,要求与演练无关的人员早早撤离现场,在演练现场附近搭建了高大的主席台,邀请上级领导在台上就座观摩,在演练现场多处悬挂大幅标语,安装音响播放音乐,参加演练的人员统一着装,演练的组织工作十分周到和严密,宣传的气氛也很浓厚.然而,对这样的安全应急预案演练活动,究竟能收到多大的效果,笔者并不感到乐观.     

第二次受伤能享受工伤医疗待遇吗？

编辑同志:我单位1名职工因工伤右小腿骨折,经治疗恢复拆除钢板后15日左右,在家活动时右脚不慎扭了一下,工伤处又被折断。请问能否享受工伤待遇给予治疗。李浩李浩先生:来函收悉。根据函中所反映的情况,我们认为,该职工第二次受伤是第一次工伤的延续,理应享受工伤医疗待遇。第二     

现代家庭的噪声污染

环境噪声是一种感觉公害，它可影响人们的休息和工作，损伤听力：然而还有一种不可忽视的噪声，即现代家庭噪声：根据对住宅内部噪声声源的调查表明，语言音乐噪声占32％，日常生活噪声占26％．儿童玩具噪声占22％，脚步噪声占20％。据测试，彩电声级达50—70dB，收音机和录音机声级可达80dB，电剃刀60dB，电冰箱50dB，洗衣机声级达72dB，高声说话为60dB。     

Pollutant removal from municipal wastewater employing baffled subsurface flow and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetlands

This article reports pollutant removal performances of baffled subsurface flow, and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetland units, when arranged in series for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Bangladesh. The wetland units （of the hybrid system） included organic, inorganic media, and were planted with nineteen types of macrophytes. The wetland train was operated under hydraulic loading fluctuation and seasonal variation. The performance analyses （across the wetland units） illustrated simultaneous denitrification and organics removal rates in the first stage vertical flow wetland, due to organic carbon leaching from the employed organic media. Higher mean organics removal rates （656.0 g COD]（m2.day）） did not completely inhibit nitrification in the first stage vertical flow system; such pattern could be linked to effective utilization of the trapped oxygen, as the flow was directed throughout the media by the baffle walls. Second stage horizontal flow wetland showed enhanced biodegradable organics removal, which depleted organic carbon availability for denitrification. The final stage integrated wetland system allowed further nitrogen removal from wastewater, via nutrient uptake by plant roots （along with nitrification）, and generation of organic carbon （by the dead macrophytes） to support denitrification. The system achieved higher E. coli mortality through protozoa predation, E. coli oxidation, and destruction by UV radiation. In general, enhanced pollutant removal efflciencies as demonstrated by the structurally modified hybrid wetland system signify the necessity of such modification, when operated under adverse conditions such as： substantial input organics loading, hydraulic loading fluctuation, and seasonal variation.     

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (RBR X-3B) dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor (MBR) was also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility (Rf) value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.     

Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.