Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

催化臭氧氧化降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝的动力学研究

以废啤酒酵母为原材料、采用吸附-活化法制备得到负载过渡金属铁的活性炭(Fe/AC),对Fe/AC吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)性能和催化臭氧氧化MB效果进行了评价。Fe/AC对MB的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;20℃,pH=7的条件下,Fe/AC对MB的最大吸附量达到107.43 mg/g。吸附MB达到平衡的Fe/AC催化臭氧氧化降解水中MB,30 min内MB的转化率达到99%以上,5 h后总有机碳(TOC)的降解率达到70%。结合Fe/AC吸附MB特性和催化臭氧氧化MB行为,将Langmuir等温吸附模型分别与近似一级和二级反应动力学模型进行耦合,构建了Langmuir-Kinetic近似一级和近似二级耦合模型,均能较好地拟合MB转化率的动力学数据,但对体系的TOC去除率动力学数据的拟合度较低。     

化学合成类制药行业工艺废气VOCs排放特征与危害评估分析

以浙江台州6家典型化学合成类制药企业为代表,对其排放工艺废气中的18项挥发性有机物(VOCs)特征污染物(如甲苯、甲醛、二氯甲烷等)进行监测和分析,并采用臭氧产生潜力(OFP)和健康风险评价指标对VOCs所产生的环境与健康危害进行初步的评价.结果表明,化学合成类制药企业排放的总VOCs浓度为14.9~308.6 mg·m-3,其产生环境危害的OFP值为3.1~315.1 mg·m-3,主要贡献物质为甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯等6种物质,存在较大的潜在环境危害.另外,健康危害中的非致癌风险指数和总致癌风险指数介于9.48×10-7~4.98×10-4a-1和3.17×10-5~6.33×10-3之间,主要是苯、甲醛和二氯甲烷这3种致癌物.     

压力强化混凝除藻工艺中藻毒素安全性研究

为了研究预压力强化混凝沉淀蓝藻水处理工艺中,外加压力是否会引起藻细胞破裂,导致细胞内藻毒素泄漏到水体中,影响供水安全,实验对比研究了预压力和预氧化含藻水后藻毒素浓度的变化,以及预压力混凝沉淀和预氧化混凝沉淀除藻工艺中藻毒素浓度的变化和藻类去除效果.结果表明,含藻水经0.4~0.8 MPa压力加压后,水中藻毒素浓度没有增加,而次氯酸钠预氧化后水中藻毒素浓度大幅度增加.在0.5~0.8 MPa压力范围内,加压后混凝沉淀取得了较好的除藻除浊效果,蓝藻去除率达到90%~93.5%,浊度1.23~1.95 NTU,而次氯酸钠预氧化混凝沉淀后,蓝藻去除率56.2%~78.8%,浊度8.01~10.7 NTU,说明压力强化混凝沉淀除藻工艺是安全有效的.     

全球环境展望5——我们未来想要的环境:第2章 大气

<正>联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于2012年9月正式发布了全球环境展望5(GEO-5)中文版,该报告评估了世界上最重要的90个环境目标的完成情况。最新发布的GEO-5中文版将为世界上人口最多国家的研究人员、学者、政府代表、行业和民间团体带来联合国最全面的环境评估。本刊自2012年06期起对其进行连载。报告来源:联合国环境规划署。     

某采油厂污水站改造工程职业病危害预评价

<正>该污水站主要担负某采油厂含油污水的处理任务,处理后污水外输回注。经过多年运行,部分设施、设备损坏较严重,无法满足注水水质的要求。采油厂决定对污水站进行技术改造。受建设单位的委托,对该污水站改造工程进行了职业病危害预评价。1评价内容与方法1.1评价内容包括选址及总平面布局、生产工艺及设备布局、建筑卫生学要求、职业病危害因素和危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响、职业病危害防护设施、辅助用室、应急救援、个人使用的职业病防     

预腐蚀LY12CZ铝合金的疲劳寿命预测模型

目的研究铝合金预腐蚀疲劳的寿命评估模型。方法利用损伤力学模型,建立预腐蚀构件疲劳寿命预测模型,并利用LY12CZ铝合金进行预腐蚀疲劳的验证性实验。结果利用损伤力学建立的模型所得到的预腐蚀铝合金试件的疲劳寿命与实验结果吻合程度良好。结论基于损伤力学的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳寿命预测模型合理有效。     

臭氧对己内酰胺废水的深度处理

臭氧具有强氧化性,氧化还原电位高,能氧化水中多种有机物,臭氧对己内酰胺废水进行深度处理能有效去除水中残留的COD和色度,且臭氧投加量越多,污染物去除率越高,但去除的增加幅度越来越小;考虑到工程投资及运行费用,建议臭氧投加量在40mg/L的条件下,利用臭氧提升的可生化性,再进行深度生化为最经济的反应条件。     

大连星海地区环境空气中挥发性有机物的臭氧生成潜势研究

以该实验的观测资料为基础,通过数据分析表明,对大连星海地区OH自由基消耗的主要环境VOCs组分是烯烃类物质,对O3生成潜势贡献最高的环境VOCs组分是芳香烃类物质;综合LiOH及OFP值评价,识别影响大连星海地区O3生成的关键环境VOCs反应活性物种为丙烯、甲苯、间对二甲苯等物质。