涡凹气浮(CAF)/SBR法在高寒地区屠宰废水中的应用

采用涡凹气浮(CAF)和序批式活性污泥(SBR)法处理高寒地区屠宰废水,在冬季室温15℃以上培养的活性污泥完全适应该工艺的要求.经该工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,COD、BOD5、SS、氨氮和TN去除率分别达到95.3%、96.7%、87.1%、63.3%和60.9%.     

干热河谷小桐子不同种源的光合生理及生长性状

林木种质是良种选育的基础,了解不同种源的生理和生长差异可确定所保存种源的适生地理范围,进一步筛选适宜发展的优良种源和品种,避免盲目扩大引种.对9个地理种源小桐子种质的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、比叶面积(SLA)、叶面积指数(LAI)以及果实、种子单株产量等光合生理和生长性状指标进行测定.结果表明...     

元谋干热河谷生态交错带森林生态系统服务价值空间分异特征

以具有干热河谷生态交错带典型环境特征的云南省元谋县大哨林场为例,以当量因子生态系统服务价值化法为基本评价方法,采用材积源生物量法确定各林种的森林生态系统服务当量因子,以GIS技术分析森林生态系统服务价值(ESV)在海拔、坡度和坡向方面的空间分异特征.结果表明:(1)栎类的单位面积森林ESV最高,为21 017.23元/...     

黄帚橐吾扩散对高寒草甸土壤理化特性及酶活性的影响

黄帚橐吾（Ligularia virgaurea）作为指示高寒草甸退化的重要物种,研究其扩散对高寒草甸土壤特性产生的影响,对揭示黄帚橐吾的入侵机制具有重要意义。以黄帚橐吾微斑块为研究对象,根据密度等级划分6个扩散程度（D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5）,并对各密度斑块的土壤理化特性和酶活性进行分析,结果表明：随黄帚橐吾密度的增加,各密度斑块的土壤pH值呈明显降低趋势,土壤含水量和全磷呈先增加后降低的趋势,在D2-D3范围内达到最大值。土壤有机碳呈“N”字形变化,在D2达到最大值,土壤铵态氮含量为D5显著高于D4(P<0.05),硝态氮含量为D0和D2显著高于其余密度斑块（P<0.05）,速效磷含量呈增加趋势,且D4显著高于D0和D3(P<0.05),全钾含量在D0、D3和D4显著高于D1和D2(P<0.05),速效钾含量在D2达到最大值,且显著高于其余斑块（P<0.05）。土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈先增大后降低的趋势,D4显著低于其余斑块（P<0.05）;土壤蔗糖酶活性在各斑块间差异不显著（P>0.05）;D5的中性磷酸酶活性最高且显著高于D0和D...     

金沙江干热河谷库区消落带植被恢复研究:进展与展望

金沙江干热河谷是我国重要的水利水电开发区.该区域水电站水库建成运行后将产生大面积库区消落带,严重威胁当地生态环境.本文从金沙江干热河谷水电站库区消落带植被现状、物种筛选、植物生理生态响应、植被恢复模式与技术、恢复生态效益评价等方面概括总结了该区域植被恢复研究进展与现状.针对金沙江干热河谷水电站库区消落带现有植被恢复研究...     

岷江干旱河谷西康扁桃地上生物量估测模型

西康扁桃[Amygdalus tangutica (Batal.) Korsh.]是西南干旱河谷区具有较高生态和经济价值的特色乡土灌木树种,为准确估测其地上生物量,采用全株收割法,获取了80丛西康扁桃灌丛及其588个萌生株的外部形态特征与地上生物量数据,分别建立灌木丛与萌生株地上生物量预测模型.选取8种[地径(D)、高...     

纳米羟基磷灰石修复镉锌复合污染紫色土效果初探

选取安宁河谷平原矿区周边受Cd和Zn复合污染紫色土为研究对象,采用老化试验,探索添加羟基磷灰石对土壤中重金属生物有效性以及形态分布的影响,羟基磷灰石添加比例(w/w)设置为0%(CK)、1%(P1)、3%(P3)和5%(P5)。结果表明:①添加羟基磷灰石能够显著提高土壤p H值,P1、P3和P5的p H值分别比CK升高了0. 13、0. 18、0. 21个p H单位;②添加羟基磷灰石能够显著降低土壤有效态Cd和Zn (0. 025 M HCl提取),相较于CK,P1、P3和P5的有效态Cd含量可分别降低36. 0%、78. 8%、90. 2%,有效态Zn含量可分别降低25. 4%、67. 4%、84. 5%;③添加羟基磷灰石能够明显降低土壤中活性较高的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Cd和Zn的比例(P 0. 05),明显升高了活性较低的铁锰结合态、有机结合态以及残渣态Cd和Zn的比例(P 0. 05),从而促进Cd和Zn向非活性态转化。本研究证明了羟基磷灰石在安宁河谷平原土壤重金属污染修复中有较大的应用潜力。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

雪域湮没的残忆(连载)

雪润羌塘绿意盎其实从根本意义上来说,羌塘春夏恼人的雪雹乃是高原生命的源泉。位于青藏高原西北部的羌塘已处在自高原东南部向高原西北运移的印度洋暖湿气流的尾闾,年降水量仅有150～300毫米,显然春雪对于气候干旱、蒸发剧烈而缺少高山雪水的羌塘是无比宝贵的。