涡凹气浮(CAF)/SBR法在高寒地区屠宰废水中的应用

采用涡凹气浮(CAF)和序批式活性污泥(SBR)法处理高寒地区屠宰废水,在冬季室温15℃以上培养的活性污泥完全适应该工艺的要求.经该工艺处理后,出水水质可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,COD、BOD5、SS、氨氮和TN去除率分别达到95.3%、96.7%、87.1%、63.3%和60.9%.     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

东北草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附行为研究

采用平衡吸附法,研究了镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附行为,探讨草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附的影响因素。结果表明,随着镉和锌离子平衡浓度逐渐升高,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量起初迅速增大,随后增幅渐趋平缓;采用Langmuir型等温吸附曲线拟合,确定草甸黑土对镉和锌的最大吸附量为：镉（0.7335mg·g^-1）〉锌（0.5388mg·g^-1）,这表明草甸黑土对镉的吸附能力比锌强;腐植酸会增强镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力,EDTA却会减弱镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力;经过铵盐处理,草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附量大小为：硫酸铵〉氯化铵〉乙酸铵,这3种铵盐都抑制草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附;在一定的浓度范围内,随着pH值逐渐增大,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量逐渐增加。研究结论为预测镉和锌在草甸黑土中的运移和防治镉和锌的污染提供科学依据。     

黄河三角洲的草地及其开发利用与保护的初步研究

本文对黄河三角洲的盐生草甸进行了分类，并描述了各种草甸类型的基本特征；研究了主要草地类型的生产潜力以及开发利用与保护等问题。     

高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量尾矿坝浸润线的误差分析及对策

为减少和消除高寒条件下振弦式传感器在线测量浸润线的误差,通过理论分析和现场试验,对造成误差的因素及其影响情况进行了深入研究。结果表明,振弦式传感器产生测量误差的主要来源为设备安装深度的测量误差与尾矿水密度及重力加速度的取值误差,并提出了减少或消除误差的方法和工程技术措施,为高寒地区的浸润线在线精确测量提供了重要指导意义。     

高寒地区饮用水处理中离子交换除硼中试

温度影响物质在环境中的存在形态及其生化反应速率,而高寒地区由于常年低温,常规处理方式是否能有效去除该地区污染物仍有待研究。基于此,选用硼选择性螯合树脂处理某高寒地区硼超标地下水,通过现场中试探讨工艺运行参数及效果,采用FTIR、SEM和BET表征探究树脂除硼机理。结果表明:16 BV/h(BV:树脂床体积,1 BV=22.5 L)的进水流速适用于该工程,此时的出水水质可达到GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》;树脂柱的穿透点为871.11 BV,树脂的交换容量为3.58 mg/g;树脂再生水中硼浓度为342.81 mg/L,可用作硼产品生产原料。树脂除硼后,树脂表面羟基官能团含量和孔容减少,且表面出现明显的褶皱,说明树脂对硼的去除过程包括颗粒内扩散和螯合过程。该试验结果可为高寒地区硼超标水处理提供理论支持和技术参考。     

唐古拉山东段的高寒灌丛

记述了唐古拉山东段高寒灌丛的分布，组成，结构，生长，演替，主要类型及其与当地畜牧业的关系，探讨了生态特征，稳定原因和价值，提出了经营利用建议。     

我国攻克高寒地区生活污水回用技术难题

我国科研人员培养出一种可用于高寒地区生活污水回用处理的耐冷微生物菌群,并通过处理工艺中控制水体的流动状态提高这种微生物菌群的“工作“效率,破解了传统污水处理方法在寒冷条件下难以奏效的难题。最近,黑龙江省科技厅组织了“高寒地区生活污水处理工艺及回用技术研究与示范项目“课题的科研成果鉴定会,专家们认为,该研究成果达到了国际先进水平。     

黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤微生物多样性对长期封育的响应

为了明确黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤细菌和真菌群落对长期封育的响应特征,通过对土壤理化性质分析和高通量测序技术,对1年期(E1)、短期(E4)和长期(E10)围栏封育下土壤pH、含水量、养分和微生物群落组成及多样性进行分析.结果表明,E1封育显著降低土壤pH,而长短期封育均显著提高土壤pH,长期封育能显著提高土壤含水量和全氮含量,短期封育能显著提高土壤速效磷含量.长期封育能显著提高细菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度,短期封育能显著提高细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度,但长短期封育均使真菌担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度下降;随着封育年限的延长,细菌的Chao1和Shannon多样性指数呈增加趋势,长短期封育无显著差异,真菌的Chao1指数逐渐增加,Shannon多样性指数先增加后减小,长短期封育无显著差异.冗余分析(RDA)表明,围栏封育主要通过改变土壤pH和含水量来改变微生物群落组成和结构.因此,E4短期封育能明显改善斑块化退化高寒草甸的土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,无需进行长期封育,否则会造...