国外产品碳足迹评价的发展

随着全球人口和经济规模不断增长,人类活动产生的温室气体的排放加速了全球气候变化及环境影响,而且这种影响越发严重。根据气候科学家的计算,到2050年,全球二氧化碳排放量的水平与2000年相比必须减少85％,才能使全球平均气温与工业化以前的水平相比上升不超过2℃。而高于这个温升水平将会给人类和生态系统带来无法预计的影响。因此,当前迫切的任务是加大力度减少温室气体的排放。     

我国碳足迹盘查刚刚起步

中粮集团旗下中国粮油生化能源事业部的柠檬酸和淀粉产品分别依据PAS2050产品碳足迹标准实施了碳盘查,并顺利通过独立的第三方国际认证机构的核查。必维国际检验集团受中粮生化能源榆树有限公司委托执行碳足迹第三方核查的结果是：每吨食用玉米淀粉生命周期内产生CO2的当量是847．3千克,每40千克包装食用玉米淀粉生命周期内产生CO2的当量是33．98千克。     

逆势而为的“1毫米”

1992年,香港百年民族品牌李锦记创办了＂南方李锦记＂分公司,主营以无限极系列为主打的健康产品,其中一款就是中草药无限极牙膏（后改为植雅牙膏）。公司在营销上采用了国外已经非常成气候的团队直接销售,刚开始因为业务员规模还不成气候,所以这款牙膏的销量总是上不去。当时,美国的一则牙膏营销案例对全世界的牙膏企业都产生了巨大的影响,事情是这样的：美国有一家牙膏公司,虽然产品优良,包装精美,     

基于生命周期的产品碳足迹评价与核算分析

近年来,越来越多的企业对其产品进行碳足迹评价,评价方法主要采用产品碳足迹评价标准提供的碳计量方程,如GHG Protocol、ISO14064、PAS 2050、TS Q 0010等。在介绍相关评价标准的基础上,分析了产品碳足迹的评价步骤,最后利用河北盛华化工有限公司生产的PVC产品为例,给出了基于生命周期的B2B模式的产品碳足迹评价的案例。为企业及相关机构开展碳足迹评价提供借鉴作用。     

浅析电子废弃物回收利用及危害解决办法

随着高科技的发展和人们需求的增长,电子产品不断推陈出新,电子废弃物成为世界上数量增长最快的垃圾."电子垃圾",主要包括各种使用后废弃的电脑、通信设备、电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机等电子电器产品.电子废弃物不规范回收处理易造成污染.电子废弃物中含有很多可回收再利用的有色金属、黑色金属、玻璃等物质.严格意义上讲,这些电子废弃物,不应称其为电子垃圾,而应称作电子旧货.伴随着电子工业的高速发展,电子废弃物污染不可避免地摆在了我们面前.电子废弃物具有危害性和可利用性.     

从鸡蛋有"身份证"说起

据报载,即使像鸡蛋这样小的产品,德国人也一点不马虎.德国市场上销售的鸡蛋通常用硬纸盒包装,见不到散装的.最令人惊讶的是,盒里每一只鸡蛋都有说明"身份"的红色编码.     

葫芦岛市新策力克畜禽养殖污染难题

改革开放以来,葫芦岛市的畜禽养殖业得以迅猛发展,其环境污染问题也日益凸显。大多数规模化畜禽养殖场没有污染治理设施,畜禽粪污未经任何处理即就地排放,水体和空气质量都受到了不同程度的污染。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic silver flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process

The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver flakes. The possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes (CF). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of CF, 1.0 ± 0.2 min⁻¹, was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 ± 0.004 min⁻¹. This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.     

福禄吉祥与生物安全

再过十来天就是春节了!受几千年传统文化的影响,中国人过年总爱与吉祥、如意和福禄之类的祝福挂钩。文玩市场应该说是许多人在春节前乃至春节期间十分乐意光顾的地方。但最近有媒体报道说,在北京的文玩市场,一直以来很受顾客青睐的手捻儿葫芦(寓意福禄)几乎全是美国品种。