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排序方式: 共有7235条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
211.
以Al2(SO)4和PDMDAAC为原料进行了无机-有机复合絮凝剂的复合实验研制,确定其制备工艺条件,并对油田现场采集的钻井废水作絮凝沉降实验,所研制的PAS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂对COD的去除效率可大大提高. 相似文献
212.
微生物的硝酸盐异化还原为铵(DNRA)过程对自然界中铵根离子的存在和转化具有重要影响,然而关于SRB菌株DNRA过程影响和机制尚未探明.本文考察了实验室筛选的SRB菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX的DNRA能力、影响因素及其影响机制.结果表明,无外加氮源的情况下,分别以10 mmol·L-1NO_3~-和NO_2~-作为唯一电子受体,菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX最终NH_4~+生成率分别达到85.8%和97.3%,且无N2和N2O等副产物产生.实验探究了不同外加氮源、不同初始浓度的SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)对菌株DNRA过程的影响.酵母浸粉作为外加氮源可促进菌株的生长和代谢从而促进菌株DNRA过程;SO_4~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段起促进作用,而对NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段起抑制作用,综合两方面影响,最终表现出对菌株DNRA过程的抑制作用;S~(2-)对菌株生长及DNRA过程都表现出抑制作用,且S~(2-)浓度越高抑制作用越强,当S~(2-)浓度达到6 mmol·L-1后,S~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段的抑制作用强于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段的抑制作用,NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-速率低于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+速率,此时体系中不再有NO_2~-的积累. 相似文献
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Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatim Msbah Afzal 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(7):1471-1480
Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan(EN) and Lambda-cyhalothrin(LC); individually and in combination. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains(TA98, TA100) were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant(p 〈 0.05) increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity. 相似文献
215.
Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles (58.4 Gg). The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles. 相似文献
216.
以水体中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons,TPH)为目标污染物,采用凹凸棒石复合二氧化硅气凝胶进行净化石油类污染水体研究,主要考察复合气凝胶使用量及环境要素对去除水体中TPH的影响。研究结果表明:凹凸棒石纤维复合气凝胶与污染水体的质量比为1:60,对TPH的去除率随温度的升高而降低,受pH变化影响较小;当NaCl浓度在0~100 g/L,MgCl2浓度在0~2.5 g/L时,复合气凝胶对水体中TPH的去除率几乎不受盐度的影响;Fe3+、Mn2+、NH4+、NO3-均能促进复合气凝胶对TPH的去除,但受其浓度变化影响较小,同时,凹凸棒石纤维复合气凝胶对上述离子也有微弱的去除作用。研究成果为凹凸棒石复合气凝胶在实际石油类污染水体中的应用提供了科学可靠的数据支撑。 相似文献
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文章分别建立了气相色谱法电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)和高效液相色谱法紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定地表水中苦味酸的分析方法,并比较了2种方法在实际应用过程中的优缺点。GC-ECD测定方法是将苦味酸经次氯酸钠氯化衍生,再用正己烷振荡萃取后进行气相色谱分析。通过对萃取溶剂和次氯酸钠加入量等萃取条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.000 5 mg/L,线性范围为0.002~0.08mg/L,加标回收率为74.2%~103%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.4%。HPLC-UVD测定方法是水样经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样,由紫外检测器进行分析,无需萃取浓缩。通过液相色谱条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.03 mg/L,线性范围为0.1~2.0 mg/L,加标回收率为85.4%~105%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~7.3%。2种方法均能满足地表水水质监测要求,其中GC-ECD方法灵敏度和准确度都较高,适合痕量样品的检测,而HPLC方法快速简便,适合大通量的筛查分析。 相似文献
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