安庆石化炼油二部现场管理信息化

今年3月，安庆石化炼油二部利用网页开辟出《现场管理》专栏，为高效管理搭建了1个信息平台。     

湛江港临近海域养殖区的贝类毒素

为掌握湛江港临近海域养殖区贝类毒素的特征情况,近几年来,作者在多个采样点进行了样品采集,小白鼠生物法和高效液相色谱法的检测结果表明:(1)多种贝类体中检测出PSP,而DSP则更为普遍。(2)所检测的12种PSP成分在该海域均存在。不同的贝类,其毒素成分情况有所不同。PSP各成分有一定的季节性变化规律。消化腺中各毒性成分含量值相对较高。(3)PSP毒素值较低,未超标,仅在春秋季节检出。DSP毒素在各季节均存在,并有超标现象,从阳性率和超标率来看,秋季春季冬季。春秋季节应特别注意水产品的食用安全。(4)多处地区毒素含量值较高。     

UPLC MS/MS测定海水中21种磺胺类药物残留的研究

研究了一种能够同时测定海水中21种磺胺类药物残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。海水样品经乙酸乙酯提取,蒸干后,残余物用1 mL流动相定容。采用ACQUITYTMBEHC18色谱柱,用甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)作流动相进行分离后,用质谱进行分析。检出限都低于0.5 ng/L,定量限低于1.0 ng/L,平均回收率为70%～95%,相对标准偏差为低于12%。     

水环境中天然溶解有机质分子量的研究现状及意义

溶解有机质存在于所有的水环境中,它是组成不均匀、结构复杂和分子量分布很宽的有机化合物混合体。本文综述了测量溶解有机质分子量的主要方法,各种方法的原理和优缺点,其中详细介绍了高效体积排阻色谱法的原理,平均分子量和分散系数的计算,以及分子量的校正;同时介绍了可能影响分子量分布的主要地球化学因素,以及天然水中溶解有机质的分子量分布的特征。     

螺旋管-高效液相色谱法在线检测甲醛的研究

研究建立了一种大气环境中气态甲醛在线采样分析系统。该系统通过螺旋管液相吸收和高效液相色谱衍生法,实现了对大气气态甲醛的在线分析。大气中的气态甲醛经过在螺旋管内经液相吸收后,与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)吸收液在加热条件下充分反应,衍生产物通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离后进入紫外检测器(UV)进行检测。采样和分析系统通过DasyLab实现自动运行。该方法可实现在线连续检测,时间分辨率为60min,气态甲醛的检测限可达0.10μg/L。将该方法与乙酰丙酮分光光度法(GB/T15516-1995)进行比对实验,两种方法的检测结果线性相关系数R2=0.9815。采用该方法于2007年10月在北京市进行实际采样分析,得到甲醛浓度平均浓度为4.82μg/L,并呈现明显的日变化,夜间最低,中午及午后较高。     

给水系统中卡马西平含量测定方法的研究

文章用固相萃取与高效液相色谱结合的方法测定给水系统中痕量卡马西平的含量。考察了C18小柱的最佳洗脱条件,并且根据出峰时间选择了最佳的色谱条件:流动相为水(用磷酸调节pH至4)和甲醇(40∶60,V/V),温度为25℃,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为285nm。卡马西平浓度在0.2～2mg/L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程y=81.53258x-7.19487,加标回收率平均值为94.3%,RSD为2.7%(n=7)。用该方法测定实际水源水和自来水厂中间工段出水,简单易操作,结果准确。     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.     

圆盘式固相萃取HPLC法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR

采用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术（SPE／HPLC）测定饮用水的微囊藻毒索,并对SPE的萃取条件和HPLC的色谱条件进行了优化,对SPE的多项参数,诸如萃取率、检出限及测定限以及准确度和精密度均作了测试。通过实际水样进行了分析,该方法测定MC—LR（LR型微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5～50ug／L,相关系数为0．9992;测定MC—RR（RR微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5—50ug/L,相关系数为0．9989。SPE法之优于LLE法主要在于分析过程快速,有机溶剂使用量大大减少,方法更适合于大量水样中有机污染物的现场取样处理。     

脱氮副球菌W12降解吡啶的影响因素及其赋存质粒特性

从实验室的废水生物处理反应器内的活性污泥样本,筛选出来一株以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans),命名为W12;研究了温度、pH值、吡啶初始浓度和投菌量对W12降解吡啶的影响.结果显示,在试验温度范围内高温有利于W12降解吡啶;同时W12降解吡啶的最适pH值范围在7-9;吡啶初始浓度越大降解时间越长,且投菌量越大吡啶降解越快.此外还研究了W12菌上赋存的质粒特性.脉冲场试验表明,W12菌上2个质粒的大小分别为169 kb和182 kb,并通过质粒消除试验证实了质粒参与了编码吡啶降解基因.