戊唑醇残留分析方法实验室内质量控制研究

文章确立了小麦、香蕉中戊唑醇残留检测方法,小麦样品加水10 mL用丙酮为萃取溶剂,石油醚液液分配,中性氧化铝柱层析净化,用气相色谱(GC-NPD)检测。香蕉样品加水5 mL用丙酮为萃取溶剂,石油醚液液分配,浓缩后用气相色谱(GC-NPD)检测。分别设置不同时间批次,同一批次间的平行样及实验室内人员分析,分别从方法灵敏度、方法准确度、方法精密度及其质量控制图、标准工作液的稳定性来探讨该方法的可靠性,结果表明该方法可以作为香蕉和小麦种戊唑醇残留检测的标准分析方法。     

火电厂石灰软化水质混凝澄清工艺对比分析

石灰软化处理是目前火电厂循环冷却水处理应用最为广泛的一种方式。针对石灰软化处理的两种不同混凝澄清工艺进行对比分析,分析显示,高效澄清池比机械加速澄清池具有处理效果优、占地小、投资省、运行成本低、管理简便等优势。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

ENN精粹

<正>有前景的埃博拉疫苗处于研发状态ENN环境新闻网新闻2014年10月27日并不是每个染上埃博拉病毒的人都会死亡,埃博拉病毒感染的存活率大约30%左右,这表明用疫苗来应对埃博拉病毒是完全有可能的。虽然目前已经有了应对埃博拉病毒的实验和疫苗,但是都尚未进行安全性和有效性的大规模的测试(2期临床试验)。国际免疫学会联盟(IUIS)日前在其官方杂志上发表了一份声明,前沿免疫学迫切需要有足够的资金用于临床试验的候选疫苗和疫苗试验者,并且还得尽快     

乙酰胺低共熔离子液体吸收SO_2的研究

制备了3种乙酰胺-无机盐类低共熔离子液体,测定了其物理性质并将其应用于SO2气体的吸收。结果表明,这些低共熔离子液体具有和传统离子液体相似的性质,例如熔点低、粘度低、密度高、电导率高以及较宽的液态范围。此类离子液体对SO2气体有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收量和温度的关系满足二次多项式方程。红外光谱结果表明吸收是可逆的,回收的离子液体可高效重复使用至少5次。乙酰胺-硫氰酸钠(3∶1)对SO2的质量分数吸收量为0.554 g/g(20℃,1 atm),具有吸收量高、成本低和易回收的优势,是一个很有前景的SO2吸收剂。     

GC和HPLC测定环境水体中苦味酸的分析方法比较

文章分别建立了气相色谱法电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)和高效液相色谱法紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定地表水中苦味酸的分析方法,并比较了2种方法在实际应用过程中的优缺点。GC-ECD测定方法是将苦味酸经次氯酸钠氯化衍生,再用正己烷振荡萃取后进行气相色谱分析。通过对萃取溶剂和次氯酸钠加入量等萃取条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.000 5 mg/L,线性范围为0.002~0.08mg/L,加标回收率为74.2%~103%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.4%。HPLC-UVD测定方法是水样经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样,由紫外检测器进行分析,无需萃取浓缩。通过液相色谱条件优化,苦味酸方法检出限为0.03 mg/L,线性范围为0.1~2.0 mg/L,加标回收率为85.4%~105%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~7.3%。2种方法均能满足地表水水质监测要求,其中GC-ECD方法灵敏度和准确度都较高,适合痕量样品的检测,而HPLC方法快速简便,适合大通量的筛查分析。     

气相色谱法测定水中的三氯乙醛

建立了一种用气相色谱法测定水体中三氯乙醛的方法。水样先以石油醚萃取,除去高沸点化合物,加入氯化钠破乳,然后再用石油醚—乙醚混合溶剂(V/V=2:1)萃取3次,萃取液经色谱柱分离,用电子捕获检测器检测。最低检出浓度可达0.008 mg/L,线性关系良好(相关系数γ=0.992~0.998),一般共存物质不干扰测定。     

积分安培检测-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子

采用积分安培-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子,该方法的相关性好(r>0.999),精密度高(RSD%<4.0),样品加标回收率为90~110%,溴离子检出限为5.6μg/L,碘离子检出限为2.1μg/L。本法简便、快速、准确且选择性好,可用于分析地下水中的溴离子和碘离子。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺研究

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对水中的丙烯酰胺定性、定量分析。结果显示:丙烯酰胺含量在20μg/L~400μg/L之间呈良好线性关系,回归方程Y=0.476 8X+0.845 4,相关系数R为0.997 72,检出限0.1μg/L,样品回收率在71.85%~92.28%之间,相对标准偏差为3.4%~10.9%。该方法减少了有机溶剂用量,缩短了有机溶剂暴露时间,降低污染,且能满足地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)限值要求,是水中丙烯酰胺含量准确稳定的检测方法。用该方法测定了呼和浩特市引黄入呼左岸、右岸、中浅和中深4个断面水样,均未检出丙烯酰胺。